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Digestive system

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The human digestive system consists of several key components, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Each part plays a vital role in digestion, from mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to nutrient absorption and waste elimination. The process begins in the mouth with mastication and salivary amylase, continues through the esophagus and stomach, and concludes in the intestines. This system efficiently transforms food into essential nutrients for the body while removing indigestible waste.

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Digestive system

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  1. Digestive system

  2. Mouth • Length: 4” • Time: 5 – 30 sec • Functions: • mastication = chewing • sense of taste • salivary amylase breaks down carbohydrates • Name of Food: food • Type of Digestion: mechanical, chemical

  3. Esophagus • Length: 10” • Time: 10 sec • Functions: • peristalsis = muscles squeeze food to stomach • Name of Food: bolus • Type of Digestion: propulsion

  4. Stomach • Length: 9” • Time: 3 – 4 hrs. • Functions: • churns and mixes food • breaks down proteins • releases HCl and pepsin • Name of Food: chyme • Type of Digestion: mechanical, chemical

  5. Liver • Length: -- • Time: -- • Functions: • produces bile = breaks down fats • Name of Food: -- • Type of Digestion: chemical

  6. Gall Bladder • Length: -- • Time: -- • Functions: • stores bile • Name of Food: -- • Type of Digestion: chemical

  7. Pancreas • Length: -- • Time: -- • Functions: • produces lots of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food • Name of Food: -- • Type of Digestion: chemical

  8. Small Intestine • Length: 22’ 8” • Time: 3 hrs. • Functions: • nutrient absorption • break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins • Name of Food: chyme • Type of Digestion: chemical

  9. Large Intestine • Length: 5’ • Time: 18 hrs. – 2 days • Functions: • absorption of water back into the body • Name of Food: feces • Type of Digestion: water absorption

  10. Rectum • Length: 6” • Time: -- • Functions: • eliminates indigestible food • Name of Food: feces • Type of Digestion: defecation

  11. Anus • Length: -- • Time: -- • Functions: • ring of muscle at the end of the rectum • external body opening • Name of Food: feces • Type of Digestion: defecation

  12. mouth  esophagus  stomach  small intestine  large intestine

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