Library Research @ IMLS December 11, 2013 SDC Conference / St. Louis, MO

1. Library Research @ IMLSDecember 11, 2013 SDC Conference / St. Louis, MO Deanne W. Swan, Ph.D. Sr. Statistician, IMLS/OPRE

2. IMLS/OPRE Library Statistics & Research • Statistical Collections • Public Library Survey (PLS) • State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey • Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey • Evaluation • Grants to States Program Review, 2008-2011 • OPRE Research Projects • Small and Rural Libraries • E-rate • Libraries, Museums, and Early Learning • Internet Access and Public Library Use

3. Public Library Survey (PLS)

4. Public Library Survey (PLS) • PLS FY 2011 • Data released: June 2013 • Report: January 2014 • PLS FY 2012 • Data collection closed • Currently in post processing

5. PLS FY 2011: Data Release • New data formats: SAS, Excel, CSV • New geocoding data files: shapefiles (ESRI format), kml (Google), geojson (Hipster) • Geocoding • Records re-coded for FY 2011 • New elements added • Core based statistical area • Metropolitan / Micropolitan flag

6. PLS FY 2011: Geocoding

7. PLS FY 2011: Geocoding

8. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings • In FY 2011 • 8,956 public libraries (AE) • 17,110 outlets • Served 299.9 million people (96.2% of US pop) • Libraries were open 42.3 hours/week (on avg)

12. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings • Visitation (decrease since FY2009) • 1.5 billion visits • 1 year decrease of 2.9% • 10 year increase of 23.0% • 5.1 visits per capita • Circulation (decrease since FY2009) • 2.4 billion materials circulated • 1 year decrease of 0.9% • 10 year increase of 29.0% • 34.5% of which were children’s materials • 8.1 circulated materials per capita

13. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings • Programs • 3.8 million total programs • 60.5% for children; 8.8% for young adults • 1 year increase of 1.4%; 8 year increase of 46.7% • 89.0 million people attended programs • 1 year increase of 2.7%; 8 year increase of 32.3% • Computing • 261.4 thousand computer terminals • 1 year increase of 6.8%; 10 year increase of 86.2% • 341.5 million users of computer terminals • 1 year decrease of 7.2%; 5 year increase of 2.2%

14. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings • Staffing • 137.1 thousand FTEs working in public libraries • 46.6 thousand librarian FTEs • Comprise 34.0% of total FTE workforce • 67.6% of librarians have ALA-MLS • 51.3% of libraries have an ALA-MLS librarian (working in a designated librarian FTE)

15. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings • Financials • Revenue: $11.4 billion • 1 year decrease of 1.0% (adjusted for inflation) • 10 year increase of 8.5% (adjusted for inflation) • 84.8% from local gov’t • 7.5% from state gov’t (10 yr decrease of 35.6%) • Operating Expenditures: $10.7 billion • 1 year decrease of 2.3% (adjusted for inflation) • 10 year increase of 9.2% (adjusted for inflation)

16. State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey

17. State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey • FY2012 • changed collection partner to the American Institutes for Research (AIR) • Shorter data collection window (8 weeks) • Data released: September 2013 • FY2014 • Changes to questionnaire • Focus on policy-relevant questions in Part D • Comments & feedback from COSLA, key holders, Office of Library Services (OLS)

21. State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey • SLAA FY 2012 Preliminary findings • Revenue • $990.5 million • 2 year decrease of 11.9% (adjusted for inflation) • 10 year decrease of 31.9% (adjusted for inflation) • Decrease in proportion of revenue from state • 2 year decrease 15.5%; 10 year decrease 37.9% • LSTA Expenditures • $156.7 million • 2 year decrease 6.6%; 10 year decrease 11.8%

22. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey

23. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey • A Household Survey to determine attitudes, awareness, and utilization of library and museum services. • Library Users, Museum Users, Dual Users, and Non-Users • Children’s module • Method • Random digit dialing (RDD) telephone survey using computer assisted telephone interview (CATI). • Data collection • September 12 to December 1

25. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey • Preliminary Results • Sample • N = 3527 households • Cell phone subsample: N = 1029 (29.2%) • Response rate (through Oct 30) = 32.8% • Landline RR = 40.7% / Cell RR = 19.0%

26. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey

27. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey

28. Grants to States Program Review2008 to 2011 • Evaluation of the IMLS Grants to States program • Summary analysis of data from the State Library Agency report and State Program Reports (SPR) in an easy-to-read format • Audience: People unfamiliar with the program • Report: January 2014 (ALA Midwinter)

29. Other Research Projects • Small and Rural Libraries • Economic Impact of Internet Access and Public Library Use • E-Rate • Libraries, Museums, and Early Learning

30. Research: Small & Rural Libraries

31. Research: Small & Rural Libraries

34. Research: Small & Rural Libraries • Research Brief: released September 2013 • Additional analyses: rural and small separately • Predicting service by rural or small status, controlling for factors such as revenue • Examining the relationship between location/size and staffing, revenue, services • Incorporating multi-level analyses, examining the role of state level factors on service at the local level

35. Research: Economic Impact of Internet Access on Public Library Use • Empirical analysis of public library use in the United States between 2000 and 2008 – a period of rapid expansion in high-speed Internet access. • Anton Bekkerman & Gregory Gilpin • Professors of Economics at Montana State University • Data: • PLS 2000 to 2008 • FCC Form 477 high-speed Internet service provider database

36. Research: Economic Impact of Internet Access on Public Library Use • Overall: As individuals gain access to high-speed Internet, they increase their demand for public library resources. • Increased access to high-speed residential Internet contributed to (on average): • 4.5% increase in circulation • 8.2% increase in circulation of children’s materials • 8.0% increase in use of in-library computers • Largest impacts were observed in metropolitan areas.

37. Research: E-Rate • Questions: • Which libraries are applying for e-rate funds? • What types of services are libraries requesting under e-rate? • What is the distribution of e-rate funds? • Data: • Universal Service Administration Company (USAC) e-rate applications, 1998-2013 • FCC data from e-rate application Block 4 (2010) • USDA data for Free & Reduced Lunch (FRL) • Public Library Survey (PLS)

38. Research: E-Rate

39. Research: E-Rate

40. Research: E-Rate • 10-12% of all applications are from libraries (as the lead applicant) • Libraries only comprise 3-4% of funding • In 2010, 50% of all public libraries applied for some funding (not necessarily as lead applicant)

41. Early Learning: Growing Young Minds A call to action for policymakers, practitioners, and parents to make full use of museums and libraries to close knowledge and opportunity gaps and give all children a strong start in learning.

42. Research: Early Learning • Questions • Are there differences between children who visit libraries and museums and those who do not? • Does visiting these types of institutions have an effect on children’s academic or other outcomes? • Data • Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K) Classes of 1998-99 and 2010-11 • Analyses • Demographic and Behavioral profile of Children who visit Libraries and Museums at Kindergarten • Effect of Library and Museum Visitation at Kindergarten on Grade 3 Reading and Math Achievement

43. Research: Early Learning How many kindergarten-aged children visit libraries or museums?

44. Research: Early Learning How many kindergarten-aged children visit libraries or museums?

45. Research: Early Learning

47. Research: Early Learning

48. IMLS/OPRE Library Research • For more information Deanne W. Swan dswan@imls.gov Justin Grimes jgrimes@imls.gov