RDA: What Does it Mean to School Library Resource Description and Access ?

1. RDA: What Does it Mean to School Library Resource Description and Access ? DR. BARBARA SCHULTZ-JONES DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES COLLEGE OF INFORMATION UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS DENTON, TX ESC Region XIVirtual Technology Conference NOVEMBER 11, 2009

2. Objectives • Understand the role of FRBR and FRAD in Resource Description and Access (RDA) • Understand the impact of RDA on cataloging tasks • Understand the impact of RDA on user operations • Consider a strategy for implementing RDA in the school library media center

3. What do I need to learn about RDA? • The main questions being asked are: • How do we use it? • How do we implement it in our library? • Are vendors creating new systems that use it? • Perhaps the most challenging aspect will be learning the complexity of the FRBR entity-relationship models in which information resources are classified as: • Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items (often referred to as WEMI).

4. Where we are and how we got here • Resource Description and Access (RDA) replaces Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. (AACR2) in January 2010, as an online database product to incorporate the features and functionalities of online access. (JSC, www.rda-jsc.org/) • Work began in 2004, initially conceived as AACR3 but need for greater flexibility drove the movement to a new approach • Based in part on conceptual models in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) • Motivated by : • Changes in technology • Impact on descriptive/access data • Book catalogs • Card catalogs • OPACs • Next generation • Move from the isolated individual library to incorporation of the international audience • Move from classes of materials to elements and values (more controlled vocabularies)

5. Bibliographic Universe Books Serials Maps, globes, etc. Manuscripts. Musical scores A-V sound recordings motion pictures photographs, slides Multimedia “Remote” digital materials Etc.

6. Intention of RDA • Broaden the statement of principles (Paris Principles) • All types of resources (not just books) • Bibliographic relationships, descriptive cataloging, not Subject Cataloging at this time • Access (not just choice and form of entry, but all access for bibliographic and authority records) • Builds on • Great cataloguing traditions of the world • FRBR and FRAD and future FR-Subjects

7. AACR2 vs. RDA: Difference in Proportions AACR2 • Description of information entities—13 chapters (Part 1) • Weak on access points; talks of main and added (MAP, AAP), have to look all over Part II for access point provisions (e.g., title access points are discussed in chapter 21 only and then only as a default provision, not much direction) • Is not really based on the idea of a “work”, rather it is very much based on the unit record system.

8. AACR2 vs. RDA, continued RDA • Description is covered in 4 chapters, everything else is about access points • Form is no longer the first decision; chapters are not based on form (e.g., no longer have chapters 2-12 as in AACR2) • Does not focus on the unit record system—it can be, but it doesn’t need to do so—rather it operates on the idea of a “work” • Does not put the cataloger in the decision of having to decide Main and Added Access points; we don’t need those distinctions any longer although it does use the idea of a “preferred access point”

9. RDA and AACR2 How RDA Differs from AACR2 How RDA is similar to AACR2 • Not organized by form of item • Based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • Most rules will not change • Discusses description and access points

10. RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS (RDA) RECORDING ATTRIBUTES  Introduction  Section 1. Chapters 1-4 Recording attributes of manifestation and item Section 2. Chapters 5-7 Recording attributes of work and expression Section 3. Chapters 8-11 Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body Section 4. Chapters 12-16 Recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place RECORDING RELATIONSHIPS  Section 5. Chapter 17 Recording primary relationships between work, expression, manifestation, and item Section 6. Chapters 18-22 Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 7. Chapters 23 Recording relationships to concepts, objects, events, and places associated with a work Section 8. Chapters 24-28 Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations, and items Section 9. Chapters 29-32 Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 10. Chapters 33-37 Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places Appendices A-M Glossary Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed., Rev. Part I Description Introduction Chapter 1. General Rules Chapters 2-12 Special rules applicable to particular types of information resources (i.e., maps, manuscripts, music, etc.) Chapter 13 Analytical descriptions Part I Headings, Uniform Titles and References Chapter 20 Introduction Chapter 21 Choice of Access points [main and added] Chapter 22 Headings for persons Chapter 23 Geographic names Chapter 24 Headings for Corporate Bodies Chapter 25 Uniform Titles Chapter 26 References Appendices A-E Index

11. How much must I re-learn? • RDA now outlines the first step in creating a catalog record as deciding on the type of description to be represented, and not deciding on format, although format is still integral • Types of description (rules 1.2) • Comprehensive, analytical, or multi-level description • More emphasis on showing bibliographic relationships (e.g., taxonomy of bibliographic relationships) in order to better allow clustering of records • Read--works by B. Tillett, R. Smiraglia; M. Yee, S. Vellucci, E. O’Neill, D. Vizine-Goetz, just to name a few…

12. Preparation • Cataloging community must • study the conceptual model offered by FRBR and FRAD • Read and study drafts of RDA as released • Provide feedback to JSC and vendors • Vendors must consider a re-design of their automation systems in order to incorporate new functionality of bibliographic and authority data • Vendors producing bibliographic records must consider how and when to add the new RDA fields to MARC records

13. What’s a conceptual model? • Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described • The things in that universe (entities) • Identifying characteristics of those entities (attributes/elements) • Therelationshipsamong the entities

14. Why do we need FRBR? 14 • Improve the user experience in locating information • Guide systems designs for the future • Guide rule makers • Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries • Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

15. Applications of the Conceptual Model • FRBR is conceptual model • No application is prescribed • Opportunities for the future in new systems designs • Australia, Europe • Variations3, etc. • Keep user foremost in mind

16. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • User tasks • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain • Entity-relationship model • Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 • Relationships • Attributes • National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

17. FRBR Entities Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources • Work • Expression • Manifestation • Item

18. FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model • Entities • Relationships • Attributes (data elements) relationship One Entity Another Entity

19. FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Person Work created was created by Shakespeare Hamlet

20. Work is realized through Expression Intellectual/ artistic content Physical - recording of content is embodied in Manifestation is exemplified by Item

21. Vocabulary • “Book” • Door prop (item) • “publication” • at bookstore • any copy • (manifestation)

22. Vocabulary • “Book” • Who translated? • (expression) • Who wrote? • (work)

23. Group 1 Work is realized through Expression is embodied in Manifestation recursive is exemplified by one Item many

24. Elements to Describe Resources Work ID Title Date etc. Expression ID Form Date Language etc. Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc. Item ID Provenance Location etc.

25. Work

26. Les Trois Mousquetaires French text movie Expressions

27. books Videocassettes DVDs Manifestations CDs

28. Examples • Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? • Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008? • French translation? • London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? • The Three Musketeers? Item Manifestation Expression Expression Work

29. Family of Works Equivalent Descriptive Derivative Free Translation Review Edition Casebook Microform Reproduction Summary Abstract Dramatization Simultaneous “Publication” Abridged Edition Criticism Digest Novelization Screenplay Copy Libretto Evaluation Illustrated Edition Revision Change of Genre Exact Reproduction Parody Annotated Edition Translation Expurgated Edition Imitation Same Style or Thematic Content Variations or Versions Facsimile Arrangement Commentary Slight Modification Reprint Adaptation Original Work -Same Expression Same Work – New Expression New Work Cataloging Rules Cut-Off Point

30. Relationships Inherent among the Group 1 entities Content relationships among works/expressions Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Sequential Derivative Accompanying

31. FRBR Entities Group 1:Bibliographic resources • Work • Expression • Manifestation • Item

32. FRBR Entities Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties • Person • Corporate body • Family

33. Relationship vs. Element Created by Work Person Creates Hamlet Shakespeare

34. Group 2 Person Family Corporate Body Work Expression Manifestation Item is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by many

35. FRBR Entities Group 3:Subjects of works • Groups1&2 plus • Concept • Object • Event • Place • Subject relationship

36. Subject Relationship Created by Work Person Creates has subject is subject of Concept/Topic

37. Group 3 Work Work Expression has as subject Manifestation Item Person Family has as subject Corporate Body Concept Object has as subject Event Place many

38. FRBR Benefits • Collocation • Better organization to catalog • More options to display • Identifying elements • Pathways • Simplify cataloging • enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

39. Objectives of Catalogs • Cutter’s objectives for the catalog • Finding - description and access standards • Collocating - controlled “vocabularies” for precision of searching

40. “User Tasks” - FRBR • Find (locate and collocate) • Identify • Select • Obtain • Relate/Navigate

41. Objectives of Catalogs • Finding (locate) • A single specific resource • Collocating (sets of resources) • All resources belonging to the same work • All resources belonging to the same expression • All resources belonging to the same manifestation • All the works and expressions of a person, corporate body, or family • All resources on a given subject • All resources sharing some specific characteristic • Language, place of publication, date, etc.

42. Collocation by Works • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. • All’s well that ends well • As you like it • Hamlet • Macbeth • Midsummer night’s dream • …

43. Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.Hamlet. • Texts • Motion Pictures • Sound Recordings

44. Collocation by Expressions • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.Hamlet. • Texts – Danish • Texts – Dutch • Texts – English • Texts – French • Texts – Spanish • Motion Pictures – English • Sound Recordings - English

45. Collocation of Manifestations • Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.Hamlet. • Motion pictures – English • 1964 Director, Bill Collegan • 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning • 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli • 1992 Director, Maria Muat • 1996Director, Kenneth Branagh • 2000Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

46. Collocation Shakespeare Hamlet Romeo and Juliet English French German Swedish Stockholm 2008 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding • Objectives of a catalog: display • All the works associated with aperson, etc. • All the expressions of the same work • All the manifestations of the same expression • All items/copies of the same manifestation

47. Pathways to Related Works Shakespeare Stoppard Hamlet Derivative works Romeo and Juliet Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead English French Text Movies … German Subject Swedish Stockholm 2008 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding

48. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms

49. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Work Person

50. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. Expression LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms