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After AACR2--RDA: Resource Description and Access

After AACR2--RDA: Resource Description and Access. Matthew Beacom matthew.beacom@yale.edu Association of Jewish Libraries – New York Metropolitan Area Chapter New York, NY November 21, 2005. Why a new standard?. Simplify rules Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema

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After AACR2--RDA: Resource Description and Access

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  1. After AACR2--RDA: Resource Description and Access Matthew Beacom matthew.beacom@yale.edu Association of Jewish Libraries – New York Metropolitan Area ChapterNew York, NY November 21, 2005

  2. Why a new standard? • Simplify rules • Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema • Encourage international applicability • Provide more consistency • Address current problems • Principle-based • Build on cataloger’s judgment • Encourage application of FRBR

  3. Why not just keep revising AACR2? • Too book (print)-centered • Part 1 chapter structure doesn’t work for digital materials • Class of materials • Outdated terminology • A window of opportunity…

  4. How did we get here? • AACR2 • 1978 • 1988 • 1998 • 2002

  5. Supporting Organizational Structure

  6. JSC, Editor, Project Manager

  7. Toronto, Canada JSC invited worldwide experts Issues leading to RDA Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of AACR Seriality Internationalization 1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR

  8. How did we get here? • IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • FRBR user tasks • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain • Collocation at the work/expression level

  9. How did we get here? • December 2003 • Update Paris Principles • IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC Frankfurt draft Statement of Principles)

  10. Communication Standards MARC UNIMARC MARC 21 MODS/MADS MARCXML XML dtd’s Next generation? Metadata Standards Dublin Core MPEG 7 VRA EAD ISBD (also a content/display standard) How did we get here?

  11. Beginning with “AACR3”… • Draft of Part 1 of “AACR3” reviewed by JSC constituencies (Winter 2005) • Feedback prompted a change in direction! • Draft of Part 1 of RDA (Resource Description and Access) review period coming up (Dec.-March)

  12. From AACR3 to RDA: First draft of Pt. 1 review • What did we do? • What did we learn? • Comments received • What decisions were made? • A new direction • Process for moving forward

  13. Constituency review of Part 1: Who participated? • JSC constituencies (ALA etc.) • Within ALA: CC:DA • ALCTS/CCS Committee on Cataloging: Description and Access • Other International rule makers • Other communities…

  14. Specialist communities • Anglo American Cataloguing Committee for Cartographic Materials • Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIM) • ISSN International Centre

  15. Other metadata communities • Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) via DC-libraries discussion list Needed feedback from other communities too!

  16. What did we hear? Need more radical change • Make the rules more metadata-friendly • Simplify, simplify, simplify! • Consider one element (e.g. “title”) all at once instead of in multiple places • Separate display conventions(e.g. ISBD Punctuation) from the rules themselves • Need more connection to FRBR in Pt. 1

  17. What did we hear? Be cost-effective • AACR2 and RDA records must be compatible • Minimize need for maintenance on existing records • Consider costs of retraining catalogers and rewriting documentation • Future training will be easier using streamlined, modernized rules • Resulting documentation can be simpler, easier to maintain.

  18. What did we hear? Keep the best of AACR2 • New code should still contain many AACR2 rules • Keep what works, simplify where possible • Maintain, but modify, the connection between RDA and the ISBDs • Refer to the ISBDs as possible display standards (Appendix) • Catalogers can still create ISBD-compatible records using the new code.

  19. Identifying the major stakeholders • Catalogers as well as • Library administrators • Cataloging educators • Public Service librarians • System developers • Metadata communities • MARC format developers • National and international programs (PCC, ISSN, IFLA, etc.)

  20. Re-examining the big picture • Economic considerations for institutions that use the rules • Digital developments and emerging technologies • Need to engage with other communities outside the library world • Relationship between cataloging and metadata

  21. Changing Direction:…from AACR3… …to RDA: Resource Description and Access

  22. RDA will be • A new standard for resource description and access • Designed for the digital environment • Web-based product (also loose-leaf) • Description and access of all digital resources (and analog) • Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)

  23. RDA will be • Multinational content standard providing bibliographic description and access for all media • Developed for use in English language communities; it can also be used in other language communities • Independent of the format (e.g., MARC 21) used to communicate information

  24. Purpose for RDA • Support FRBR user tasks • Find, identify, select, obtain • Enable users of library catalogues, etc. to find and use resources appropriate to their information needs

  25. RDA Structure (Proposed) • General introduction • Part I – Resource description • Part II - Relationships • Part III – Authority control (Access point control) • Appendices • Capitalization, Numerals, Initial articles, Abbreviations • Presentation (ISBD display, OPAC display, etc.) • Glossary • Index

  26. General Introduction (Proposed) • Purpose and scope of the code • Underlying objectives and principles • Related standards and guidelines • Keep brief but possibly with links to full text of the relevant principles and concept documents

  27. RDA – Part I (Proposed) • Introduction • General guidelines for resource description • Identification of the resource • Technical description • Content description • Information on terms of availability • Item-specific information

  28. RDA – Part I (Proposed) • Data elements/attributes for description of resources • Purpose and scope (FRBR user tasks) • Source for the attribute • How to record the attribute • Notes pertaining to the attribute • Attribute as access point • Controlled • Uncontrolled

  29. RDA - Part I (Proposed)GMD/SMD vs. Type and Form of Carrier • Print and graphic media • Micrographic media • Tactile media • Three-dimensional media • Audio media • Projected graphic, film, video media • Digital media

  30. RDA - Part I (Proposed)Type and Form of Content • Text • Music • Cartographic Resources • Graphics • Three-dimensional Resources • Sound • Moving Images • Data, Software, and Interactive Content

  31. Relationships Works Expressions Manifestations Items Persons Corporate bodies Families Citations Works Expressions Manifestations Items Simplify choice of primary access point for citations of works RDA – Part II (Proposal)

  32. AACR2 terms Heading Main Entry Added Entry Uniform title RDA terms Access point Primary Access point Secondary Access point Citation: Access point… For a work For an expression For a manifestation Updated Terminology

  33. RDA Part III (Proposal) • Authority control / Access point management • General guidelines • Authorized forms • Persons, Families, Corporate bodies, Places • Citations for works, etc. • Variant forms

  34. Proposals for Part 3: Authority Control • Clarify rules for Uniform Titles • Collocation, Identification/Differentiation • Rename as “citations” • Integrates AACR2 Chapter 26 (References) into other chapters • Rules for Citations (uniform titles) for works expanded to include Expression-Level Citations

  35. FRBR Entities • Group 1: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item • Products of intellectual or artistic endeavor: • Group 2: Person, Corporate Body • Those responsible for intellectual or artistic content • Group 3: Concept, Object, Event, Place • Serve as subjects of works

  36. Work Expression Manifestation Item Goethe’s “Faust” L. Filmore’s English translation of Faust As published by W. Smith, 1847 The copy owned by my library FRBR Group 1 Entities

  37. Citations for Works and Expressions • Classics of literature vs. scientific studies • Examples in the OCLC database • Stephen King • 102 works, 231 manifestations • Shakespeare’s Hamlet • 1 work, 2696 manifestations • Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories) • 28 works, 300 manifestations

  38. Appendices (Proposal) • Capitalization • Numerals • Initial articles • Abbreviations • Presentation of descriptive and authority data • Glossary • Possibly hypertext links from text to glossary terms • Index

  39. RDA Timeline (Proposal) • July 2005: Prospectus • Oct. 2005-April 2006: Completion of draft of Part I, and constituency review • May-Sept. 2006: Completion of draft of Part II, and constituency review • Oct. 2006-Apr. 2007: Completion of draft of Part III, and constituency review • May-Sept. 2007: Completion of General Introduction, Appendices, and Glossary • 2008: Publication

  40. Where are we now? • Coming very soon: RDA Part 1 • December 2005-March 2006 constituency review • Public review, too • Watch the JSC website and Autocat for announcements: http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc • Drafts of other parts will follow ca. every 6 months

  41. AACR2 • Final AACR2 update: 2005

  42. Summary Authority control Access points Citations Data elements Simplification Consistency Principles FRBR Content standard

  43. Thank you … Questions? This presentation available online at: http://www.library.yale.edu/~mbeacom/Nov21RDAnycTalk.ppt

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