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Impact of European Imperialism on Africa: Boer War, Congo Colonization, and Legacy of Colonial Rule

Explore the Boer War, Congo colonization, and methods of control in Chapter 11. Discover indirect and direct governance, African resistance, and Nigeria's case study under British rule. Learn about the positive and negative effects of colonialism in Africa.

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Impact of European Imperialism on Africa: Boer War, Congo Colonization, and Legacy of Colonial Rule

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  1. Bellringer Who fought in the Boer War? Who won? Which country colonized the Congo?

  2. Imperialism Ch. 11 -2

  3. Forms of Control • Colony • Territory governed internally by a foreign power • Protectorate • Territory with own internal govt. but under control of a foreign power • Sphere of Influence • Area in which a foreign power has exclusive investment or trading privileges • Economic Imperialism • An independent but less-developed country controlled by private business, not another country

  4. Methods of Management Indirect Control Direct Control Foreign officials rule No self-rule (paternalism) Goal = Assimilation Gov’t based ONLY on European styles • Locals used as Gov’t officials • Limited self-rule • Goal = to develop future leaders • Gov’t based on European styles but still uses local rules

  5. Case Study: Nigeria • Britain’s control of Nigeria • Britain takes control by diplomacy & force • All of Nigeria claimed as a colony in 1914 • Nigeria very culturally diverse • 250 ethnic groups • British utilize indirect rule • Local chiefs resent limits on their rule

  6. African Resistance • Africans Confront Imperialism • Most are unsuccessful because Europeans had superior weapons • Unsuccessful Movements • Algeria fights French for 50 years • German East Africa resistance results in 75,000 deaths • Maji-MajiRebellion = Relied on spiritual defense

  7. Ethiopia • only example of successful resistance • Menelik II • Played French, British, and Italians against each other • stockpiled modern weapons • modernized Ethiopia by building railroads, promoting equality

  8. Legacy of Colonial Rule Negative Effects Positive Effects Reduced local warfare Improved sanitation Hospitals & schools are built Railroads, dams, and telephone/telegraph lines However, most economic expansion only benefited Europeans, not Africans • Africa loses independence and control of its land • 1000s die from disease, famine • Breakdown of traditional cultures • Created unnatural borders and divided tribes

  9. Homework • Read Ch. 11, Section 4 • Take Notes • Copy the Red Headlines and write one main idea for each paragraph below the main headline • Don’t write statistics, years, etc.

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