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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. Mr. Potts 7 th Grade Social Studies. Reconstruction.

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction Mr. Potts 7th Grade Social Studies

  2. Reconstruction • When the Civil War ended, much of the South was in ruins and the country was still divided. Not only did the government have to address the issue of readmitting the Confederate states back into the Union, the country had to deal with disagreements about ending racial inequalities and guaranteeing civil rights for African Americans.

  3. President Lincoln’s Plan • Ten Percent Plan • Offered a pardon for acts supporting the rebellion. • 10% of Southern states population had to: 1. swear an oath of loyalty to the United States 2. Agree that slavery was illegal • Lincoln’s GOAL for a lenient plan was to reunite the nation as quick and painlessly as possible.

  4. Congress’ Plan • Republicans –Benjamin Wade & Henry Davis • Wade – Davis Bill: • Southern states had to: 1. agree that slavery was illegal 2. majority of adult males in the state had to swear an oath of loyalty to the United States • Only Southerners who swore they NEVER supported the Confederacy could vote or hold office. • President Lincoln refused to sign the bill.

  5. Assassination of Abraham Lincoln April 14, 1865

  6. President Lincoln is Assassinated WHO – John Wilkes Booth & President Lincoln WHAT – Assassination of President Lincoln WHEN - April 14, 1865 WHERE - President and Mrs. Lincoln attended the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. WHY - John Wilkes Booth assassinated the president because he believed that he would help revive the South and save the Southern way of life. EFFECT - Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President and now has the job of Reconstruction.

  7. Civil War Amendments 13th 14th 15th

  8. What is an Amendment? • 1st 10 Amendments= Bill of Rights • 27 TOTAL • NEWEST – May 7, 1992 • OLDEST - December 15, 1791 • 13th, 14th, & 15th = Civil War Amendments • 18th Amendment CANCELLED by the 21st Amendment • 19th women CAN vote! • 22nd sets Presidential term limits A constitutional amendment is a legal change to the U.S. Constitution.

  9. Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment (1865) 14th Amendment (1868) U.S. CITIZENSHIP if you are BORN or naturalized in the U.S. & EQUAL protection of the law. “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” • Abolished SLAVERY in the U.S. • "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

  10. Civil War Amendments 15th Amendment (1870) Who is LEFT OUT? 14th – DOES NOT include Native Americans. WHY? They do not live on U.S. land… but are a separate nation on Indian Reservation. 15th – DOES NOT include women. • The right to VOTE shall not be denied based on race. • “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

  11. Freedmen’s Bureau KKK Black Codes & Jim Crow Plessy v. Ferguson Sharecropping Reconstruction

  12. Freedmen’s Bureau • An agency established by Congress to help freedmen & poor Southerners recover from the Civil War. The Freedmen Bureau helped by: 1. providing supplies (food) & medical services 2. establishing schools

  13. Ku Klux Klan • A group of white Southerners - opposed to civil rights, especially voting & used terror and violence. • In 1870, Congress passed laws that made it a federal crime to interfere with elections or to deny citizens equal protection under the law.

  14. Black Codes & Jim Crow Laws • Black Codes - laws that greatly limited the freedom of African Americans. • Jim Crow Laws - laws created that kept African Americans segregated, unequal and severely limited their civil rights. • Poll Taxes - a tax that had to be paid before a person could vote. • Literacy Tests - a reading and writing test used as a method to prevent African Americans from voting.

  15. Plessy v. Ferguson • Homer Plessy, an African American, refused to leave the whites-only Louisiana train car he was riding on, he was arrested and accused of breaking a state law requiring separate cars for blacks and whites. • Plessy sued the railroad company and lost. Took his case to the Supreme Court stating the law violated his right to equal treatment under the 14th Amendment. • Supreme Court Decision: • Segregation was LEGAL, if “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided.

  16. Life After Slavery in the South • Jobs = Sharecropping • Working on plantations using plantation owners tools/supplies • Only getting a SMALL portion of the crop • Buying goods (food, clothing, etc.) on credit and creating debt • Restricting EQUAL Rights • Black Codes (restricting freedoms) • Jim Crow Laws (creating segregation) • Poll Taxes • Literacy Tests

  17. Reconstruction Success Failures Laws created to prevent African Americans from using freedoms. Created racial segregation. Creation of KKK. • Readmitted the Southern states back into the Union. • Rebuild the South. • Creation of the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, 15th)

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