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Endocrine System

The endocrine system refers to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs.<br>www.novaivifertility.com<br>

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. When a bunch of organs work together on one big project, that’s called a system. • Skeletal • Digestive • Muscular • Lymphatic/Immune • Endocrine • Nervous • Reproductive • Urinary • Cardio-vascular © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Systems of Human Body

  3. A Gland is a group of cells or tissue that produces and secretes or gives off chemicals. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Glands Exocrine Glands Eg: Sweat Gland, Salivary Gland Endocrine Glands Eg: Pituitary , Thyroid etc. Glands Releases their secretions through ducts Releases their secretions directly in blood stream

  4. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Endocrine Glands 1 1 2 4 2 2 2

  5. Hormone is a chemical substance that is secreted into the body fluid by cells & that exerts a physiological control effect on other cells of the body. Hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function and metabolism as well as sexual function & Reproductive processes. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Hormone

  6. Hormones are informational molecules. • Hormones are highly specific in nature. • Hormones stimulate or inhibit specific biological process. • The effect of hormones is slow and lingering. • Their deficiency may lead to serious consequences. • Hormones show feed-back mechanism. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Properties of Hormone

  7. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Classification of Hormone

  8. These are specialized proteins capable of binding the hormone molecule with very high specificity and affinity. • Receptor proteins are present either on surface of a cell or in its interior. • Down Regulation : Binding of receptors by hormone leads to decrease in the number of receptors, which decreases the response of target tissue to hormone. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Hormone Receptors

  9. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Hormone Receptors

  10. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Mode of Action Receptor on the surface of the cell membrane Receptor inside the cell cytoplasm All hormones acts by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target tissue cells.

  11. The hypothalamus is a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain. • Is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. • Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Hypothalamus

  12. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Somatostatin (Growth factor-inhibiting hormone) Dopamine © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Hormone Secreted by Hypothalamus

  13. It is unpaired, pea shaped, small gland about 1 cm, in diameter & 0.5 to 1 gram in weight • Connected to the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk • Divisible into • Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) • Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis • It is also called as hypophysis (from Greek, “lying under”) © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Pituitary Gland

  14. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Pituitary Gland

  15. Growth Hormones Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormones Prolactin : Promotes Growth, Controls Metabolism : Stimulates growth and activity of thyroid gland : Synthesis of cortisols : Stimulation of Lactation Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Hormones Function

  16. Gonadotrophic Hormones Follicle Stimulating Hormone Luteinizing Hormone : In females, controls the growth of ovarian follicle. : In males, stimulates spermatogenesis. : In females, promotes maturation of follicle and ovulation. : In males, stimulates interstitial cells. Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)

  17. Oxytocin Anti Diuretic Hormone : Promotes contraction of uterine muscle : Promotes contraction of myoepithelial cells of lactating breast. : Increases reabsorption of water : Contraction of smooth muscle. Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis) Hormones Function

  18. Decapeptide, made up of 10 a.a. • Secretes two hormones: FSH/LH • Secreted in highly pulsatile manner. • The amplitude and the frequency at which GnRH is produced plays an important role in determining which hormone will be produced. • Higher Frequency: LH is secreted • Lower frequency: FSH is secreted. • The half life is 3-5 mins. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | GnRH (Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone)

  19. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | Hypothalamus RH Pituitary Gland TH Inhibitory Effect Stimulatory Effect Target Gland Hormone Secreted in Blood

  20. © 2012 NOVA IVI FERTILITY | HPO Axis Hypothalamus GnRH Feedback to Hypothalamus for secretions of FSH and LH Pituitary Gland FSH LH Ovary Estrogen

  21. Thank You

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