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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. Unit 3 : Skeleton and Joints. Learning goals. By the end of this unit you should be able to : identify and describe the main functions of the skeleton

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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Unit 3 : Skeleton and Joints

  2. Learning goals By the end of this unit you should be able to: • identify and describe the main functions of the skeleton • Identify and describe the different types of joints and give examples of articulating bones associated with the joints • Identify different ranges of movement that are allowed by joints

  3. What you need to know : • The main functions of the skeleton including lever action • How physical activity impacts on the skeletal system • The structure of the hinge joint and ball and socket joint with examples • The operation of the hinge joint and ball and socket joint in terms of flexion extension adduction abduction rotation with examples • The articulating bones associated with the hinge joint and ball and socket joint with examples • The structure and function of cartilage and ligaments and associated problems and how to avoid them • Problems with joints and how to avoid them

  4. Functions of the Skeleton • Shape and support • Movement • Protection • Blood production

  5. 1. Shape and Support CRANIUM MANDIBLE SCAPULA CLAVICLE HUMERUS STERNUM VERTEBRAL COLUMN RIBS ILIUM RADIUS PELVIS ULNA CARPALS METACARPALS FEMUR PHALANGES TIBIA PATELLA FIBULA TARSALS PHALANGES METATARSALS

  6. 1. Shape and Support • The way bones are arranged gives us our general framework and shape • Sportspeople will all have different shapes because of their framework. • Different builds are more suited to certain sports. • Bones are firm and rigidthey can support the rest of the body and keep us upright. • Muscles are attached to the skeleton and it is bones that act as a framework for them.

  7. 2. Movement • When bones work with muscles they allow the body to move. • Bones are used by muscles as levers that allow movement.

  8. 3. Protection • Some bones help protect the internal organs of the body. • In some sports where contact is high this is especially important.

  9. 4. Blood production • In the long bones of the body the production of red and white blood cells takes place.

  10. Classifications of bones • There are four different classifications 1. LONG BONES e.g. femur, humerus, metacarpals, phalanges 2. SHORT BONES e.g. carpals 3. FLAT BONES e.g. Scapula, sternum 4. IRREGULAR BONES e.g. vertebrae, patella

  11. Classifications of bones 1. LONG BONES • Used to provide levers • Produce blood cells

  12. Classifications of bones 2.Short bones • Specialise in fine movement. • These bones can make small adjustments and can help a body keep balanced

  13. Classifications of bones 3. Flat bones • Tough and can withstand hard impact. • Used for protection

  14. Classifications of bones 4. Irregular bones • Work together and act like a shock absorber • Also used for protection

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