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The Encomienda System and Society in Spanish America: A Study on Class and Colonial Expansion

This chapter explores Spanish American society and the Encomienda System initiated by Cortés as a reward for his soldiers after the conquest of the Aztecs. It examines the social hierarchy, including peninsulares, criollos, mestizos, and the lowest classes of Native Americans and those of African descent. The Council of the Indies and the audiencia's roles are discussed, alongside the economic impacts of gold and silver mining as well as the establishment of haciendas. It also delves into the expansion of New France, key figures like Samuel de Champlain, and the efforts to establish permanent settlements in North America.

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The Encomienda System and Society in Spanish America: A Study on Class and Colonial Expansion

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  1. Chapter 2 sec.1 Power PointS

  2. Spanish American Society • What is a Spanish low-ranking noble? • The Encomienda System was a reward system used by Cortes to reward his men after defeating the Aztec. • What were the men given? • Under this system an encomendero, or commissioner was given control over a group of Native American villages. • The villagers had to pay a share of the product they had harvested or produced. • Name the obligations of the encomendero.

  3. A society based on Class • What 3 things determined a persons position in society? • At the top were peninsulares • Criollos were next • Mestizos made up the next level • The lowest levels included Native Americans and Africans, or Native American and African ancestry. • What was the Council of the Indies? • What was the audiencia?

  4. Mining and Ranching • Did gold or silver make Spain wealthy? • What is a haciendas? • Why were they created?

  5. The French Empire in America • Why did France send Giovanni de Verrazano to North America? • What did he accomplish? • Did Jacques Cartier set up a successful permanent settlement in North America? • King Henry IV of France authorized a group of French merchants to create colonies in North America. • Who is Samuel de Champlain? • In 1608 Quebec was founded, which became the capital of the new colony New France.

  6. New France Expands • Why did King Louis XIV make New France a royal colony? • What actions did he take to improve the colony? • Who were Louis Joliet and Jacuqes Marquette? • Who was the 1st European to follow the Mississippi River down to the gulf of Mexico?

  7. New France Expands • Homework • Read Settling Louisiana and Rivalry with Spain • Write 2 paragraphs explaining what you read.

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