FOOD INTOLERANCE TESTING. TOPICS. Terminology Mechanisms of food intolerance Symptoms of food intolerance CNS food intolerance tests Test principles Alternative test methods Managing food intolerances Support documentation.
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ADVERSE REACTION TO FOOD IMMUNE MEDIATED NON–IMMUNE MEDIATED IgG Type III Allergy Enzyme Deficiency Pharmacological Effect Chemical Effect IgE Type I Allergy Classic ‘Allergic’ Reaction ‘Food Intolerance’ Food Intolerance COMMON TERMINOLOGY
FOOD ALLERGY Immune system response Production of IgE antibodies
FOOD ALLERGY • ‘Foreign’ food particles (antigens) cause immediate immune reaction • Rapid release of histamine • Allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) can cause breathing problems and low blood pressure • Symptoms include tingling mouth, hives, swelling of the lips, face, tongue and throat • Symptoms can be severe or life-threatening • Avoid the offending food for life
FOOD INTOLERANCE (IgG) “45% of the population suffer from a food intolerance” • Non-specific / multiple symptoms • Most people are undiagnosed • Many clients will be affected
FOOD INTOLERANCE (IgG) • Delayed reaction to ‘foreign’ food (antigen) - hours/days after consumption • Body produces IgG antibodies to neutralise antigen • Form a complex with antigen: • Ag/Ab complex • Immune complex
FOOD INTOLERANCE (IgG) • Complexes deposited in tissues around the body • Triggers complement cascade • Release of inflammatory mediators
FOOD INTOLERANCE (IgG) • Leads to chronic inflammation and gradual appearance of symptoms • Symptoms can persist for many days, but are not life-threatening • Symptoms can be reversed by elimination of foods • Re-introduce small amounts of the offending food • Common to be intolerant to several different foods • Multiple symptoms are common – difficult to diagnose FI
2. NON IMMUNE-MEDIATED REACTIONS ENZYME DEFICIENCY CHEMICAL & PHARMACOLOGICAL ----------------------- FOOD INTOLERANCE ---------------------
Enzyme deficiencies can cause symptoms because foods cannot be digested LACTOSE INTOLERANCE • Caused by a deficiency of lactase (needed to digest lactose) • Cannot pass through gut wall, so remains in the gut • Causes intolerance • Symptoms: bloating, diarrhoea, abdominal pain ENZYME DEFICIENCY / INSUFFICIENCY
ENZYME DEFICIENCY / INSUFFICIENCY HISTAMINE INTOLERANCE • Caused by a deficiency or inhibition of diamine oxidase (DAO) • Needed to break down histamine in foods • Aggravated by foods high in histamine: red wine, cheese and tuna fish • Foods low in histamine can also trigger the release of histamine in the body: citrus foods, bananas, tomatoes, chocolate • Symptoms include: migraines, dizziness, bowel/stomach problems, rhinitis, depression, irritation, reddening of the skin
CHEMICAL / PHARMACOLOGICAL • MSGin restaurant / take-away food (headaches, sweating, dizziness) • Sulphitesin dried fruits and vegetables, wine, beer (asthma) • Vasoactive amines such as phenylethylamine in chocolate, citrus fruits (migraines) • Natural / artificial additivesused to colour, preserve and flavour food (sweating, itching, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea) • Create biochemical side effects in susceptible individuals
MECHANISMS OF FOOD INTOLERANCE (1) HEALTHYgastrointestinal tract and HEALTHYimmune system: • Foods digested and broken down to glucose, amino acids and fatty acids • Absorbed through the gut lining • Partially digested foods will also pass between cells into bloodstream • Antibodies produced against these partially digested foods • Form antigen / antibody complexes (normal) • Efficient immune system will clear these complexes No symptoms despite an immune response occurring
NORMAL RESPONSE TO FOOD Food Healthy Immune System Healthy Gut Low level of Ab/Ag complexes Complexes removed by macrophages No symptoms
MECHANISMS OF FOOD INTOLERANCE (2) HEALTHYgastrointestinal tract, but COMPROMISEDimmune system: • Partially digested foods pass through the gut lining • Antibodies produced against these partially digested foods • Ab/Ag complexes form (normal) • Compromised immune system - insufficient macrophages produced • Ab/Ag complexes not cleared and circulate in bloodstream • Deposited in tissues – causes inflammation
COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEM Food Compromised Immune System Healthy Gut Low level of Ag/Ab complexes excess complexes deposited in tissues Symptoms
MECHANISMS OF FOOD INTOLERANCE (3) LEAKYgastrointestinal tract, but HEALTHYimmune system: • Gut wall becomes more permeable • Tight junctions in epithelial layer open up • Increased number of partially digested foods enter bloodstream • Ag/Abcomplexes form – immune system becomes overloaded • Complexes cannot be cleared and are deposited in tissues
LEAKY GUT Food Normal Immune System Leaky Gut High level of Ag/Ab complexes excess complexes deposited in tissues Symptoms
FACTORS LINKED TO LEAKY GUT • Antibiotics • Medication/Drugs • Candida overgrowth • Parasites • Intestinal bacterial/viral infection • Glutamine insufficiency • Alcohol • Poor diet • Stress • Low stomach acid • Low pancreatic enzymes • Heal gut with supplements and diet
FEATURES • Detects antibodies to 59 common foods • Rapid assay format – results in 40 minutes • Positive and negative controls included • Clear and concise instructions • Colour coded reagents • Finger-prick blood sample
BENEFITS • Only home-test kit on the market • No specialised equipment needed • No waiting for laboratory results • Act on results immediately • Website supported: www.camnutri.com
CONTENTS Sterile wipe Safety lancet x 2 Plaster x 2 Blood collection tube Sample diluent (A) Antibody detector (B) Developer (C) Wash solution (D) Reaction tray IFU Result card Dietary support guide
