Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

1. Defense MeteorologicalSatellite Program PolarMax19 October 2004 SAMPLE BRIEFINGSAMPLE BRIEFING

2. Defense Meteorological Satellite ProgramSystem Program Office (SMC/WX) Mission: Provide timely and accurate worldwide environmental data to DoD and national program users Be the DoD�s premiere provider of worldwide terrestrial and space environmental data

3. SMC/WX Portfolio

4. SPO and Customers This chart provides an overview of who we interface and do business with. The laboratories provide support for our special sensor suite on-board our spacecraft. Our ability to fly our satellites from a joint center at Suitland, MD, in conjunction with NOAA personnel helps facilitate the convergence of DMSP to NPOESS This chart provides an overview of who we interface and do business with. The laboratories provide support for our special sensor suite on-board our spacecraft. Our ability to fly our satellites from a joint center at Suitland, MD, in conjunction with NOAA personnel helps facilitate the convergence of DMSP to NPOESS

5. SMC/WX Organization Chart

6. DMSP Operational Constellation (Sun Synch -- Local Time Ascending Node)

7. DMSP Launch Schedule

8. DMSP On-orbit Ops Community SOCC provides the telemetry processing, spacecraft commanding, and ground system configuration and management functions for the DMSP spacecraft. The SOCC can communicate directly with the DMSP satellites through enhanced Remote Tracking Stations (RTSs). It can also communicate with the DMSP satellite via Schriever AFB and any RTS for commanding and real-time status only. The Environmental Satellite Operations Control Center (ESOC) at Schriever AFB is the backup control center for SOCC. Equipment installed at ESOC is identical to that installed at SOCC. The two control centers run synchronous to each other. In the event of a failure at SOCC, the mission can be continued from ESOC.SOCC provides the telemetry processing, spacecraft commanding, and ground system configuration and management functions for the DMSP spacecraft. The SOCC can communicate directly with the DMSP satellites through enhanced Remote Tracking Stations (RTSs). It can also communicate with the DMSP satellite via Schriever AFB and any RTS for commanding and real-time status only. The Environmental Satellite Operations Control Center (ESOC) at Schriever AFB is the backup control center for SOCC. Equipment installed at ESOC is identical to that installed at SOCC. The two control centers run synchronous to each other. In the event of a failure at SOCC, the mission can be continued from ESOC.

9. Contractors

10. F17 Sensor Suite

11. SSMIS Microwave Imager Sounder Provides high priority sounding measurements Temperature Soundings (up to 60 kilometers) Water Vapor Soundings also Sea Surface Winds Ice (age and concentration) Snow cover Surface type Precipitation Cloud Water Soil moisture Purpose: Provide the user a high resolution imager and sounder that have co-registered data. Additional goals of this new sensor are to provide the first mesospheric temperature measurements, and to improve the accuracy of the water vapor profiles. The high resolution soundings will provide better tactical decision aides to field units, as well as a higher quality product for the numerical weather prediction models. Conically scanning imager/sounder with a swath width of 1700 km 24 frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz at mesoscale resolutions of 38-70 km Temperature retrieved from the surface to 70km Water vapor retrieved from the boundary layer to 8 km Surface and atmospheric properties similar to current SSM/I Microwaves can tell us much that conventional (visual and infrared) satellite data cannot. They can give meteorologists information about surface winds over broad areas of the oceans, cloud water content, rain rate, water vapor content, and land surface temperature. In addition, they can give information on ice concentration and age, especially valuable to Navy support. Forecasters supporting Army operations can get data on soil moisture, land surface characteristics, and vegetation type. Beginning with the launch of F-16, DMSP is moving towards a better solution with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) sensor. This sensor combines the capabilities of SSM/I, /T-1 & T-2, and includes the addition of a new temperature sounder for upper air into one complete package. This consolidation results in an increased amount of data channels. In addition, the SSMIS package will cover a wider footprint (i.e. swaths). Another added benefit of SSMIS is improved sounding resolution, going from 175km to 37km.Purpose: Provide the user a high resolution imager and sounder that have co-registered data. Additional goals of this new sensor are to provide the first mesospheric temperature measurements, and to improve the accuracy of the water vapor profiles. The high resolution soundings will provide better tactical decision aides to field units, as well as a higher quality product for the numerical weather prediction models. Conically scanning imager/sounder with a swath width of 1700 km 24 frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz at mesoscale resolutions of 38-70 km Temperature retrieved from the surface to 70km Water vapor retrieved from the boundary layer to 8 km Surface and atmospheric properties similar to current SSM/I Microwaves can tell us much that conventional (visual and infrared) satellite data cannot. They can give meteorologists information about surface winds over broad areas of the oceans, cloud water content, rain rate, water vapor content, and land surface temperature. In addition, they can give information on ice concentration and age, especially valuable to Navy support. Forecasters supporting Army operations can get data on soil moisture, land surface characteristics, and vegetation type. Beginning with the launch of F-16, DMSP is moving towards a better solution with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) sensor. This sensor combines the capabilities of SSM/I, /T-1 & T-2, and includes the addition of a new temperature sounder for upper air into one complete package. This consolidation results in an increased amount of data channels. In addition, the SSMIS package will cover a wider footprint (i.e. swaths). Another added benefit of SSMIS is improved sounding resolution, going from 175km to 37km.

12. SSULI Overview Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager Produced by NRL Provides continuous measurement of UV radiation down to 80 nm in FUV/EUV Profiles the ionosphere and upper atmosphere for space weather forecasting Measures EDPs, NDPs, atmospheric temperature and composition Purpose: Provide the user with global electron density and neutral density profiles for day and night using detection with extreme and far ultraviolet spectrographs. These data will be used in the models at Space Forecast Center. � Along-track scanning of earth limb at altitudes of 48-750 km � Sensor frequencies in the far UV (800-1700 Angstroms) � 5 km vertical resolution Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) provides continuous measurement of UV radiation down to 80 nm in FUV/EUV. It profiles the ionosphere and upper atmosphere for space weather forecasting, providing electron density profiles, neutral density profiles, and atmospheric temperature and composition. SSULI measures �airglow� in the ram or anti-ram (preferred) direction (F16 sensor views ram). Purpose: Provide the user with global electron density and neutral density profiles for day and night using detection with extreme and far ultraviolet spectrographs. These data will be used in the models at Space Forecast Center. � Along-track scanning of earth limb at altitudes of 48-750 km � Sensor frequencies in the far UV (800-1700 Angstroms) � 5 km vertical resolution Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) provides continuous measurement of UV radiation down to 80 nm in FUV/EUV. It profiles the ionosphere and upper atmosphere for space weather forecasting, providing electron density profiles, neutral density profiles, and atmospheric temperature and composition. SSULI measures �airglow� in the ram or anti-ram (preferred) direction (F16 sensor views ram).

13. SSUSI Overview SSUSI: Special Sensor Ultra-violet Spectrographic Imager Produced by JHU/APL Remotely senses iono-spheric, atmospheric, and auroral parameters FUV spectrographic observations of the airglow and aurora and visible light photometric measurements of the aurora and nightglow Derived information EDPs, NDPs, Auroral Energy Deposition & Oval Location SSUSI UV Spectrograph Imager Purpose: Provide the user with a best estimate of electron density profiles, plasma transition zones (F-layer heights), auroral boundaries, and energy deposition rates into auroral latitudes. These data are to be used in state-of-the-art models at the Space Forecast Center. Sensor scans cross track with a swath width of ~150 km Sensor operates in the wavelengths 1100-1800 Angstroms Spectrographs of energy vs time using fixed mirror. Primary mode is imaging using a scanning mirror. 5 images are provided at selected wavelengths Special Sensor Ultra-violet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) remotely senses ionospheric, atmospheric, and auroral parameters using FUV spectrographic observations of the airglow and aurora, and visible photometric measurements of the aurora and nightglow. Electron Density Profiles (EDP), Neutral Density Profiles (NDP), Auroral Energy Deposition & Oval Location are derived from the measurements. SSUSI UV Spectrograph Imager Purpose: Provide the user with a best estimate of electron density profiles, plasma transition zones (F-layer heights), auroral boundaries, and energy deposition rates into auroral latitudes. These data are to be used in state-of-the-art models at the Space Forecast Center. Sensor scans cross track with a swath width of ~150 km Sensor operates in the wavelengths 1100-1800 Angstroms Spectrographs of energy vs time using fixed mirror. Primary mode is imaging using a scanning mirror. 5 images are provided at selected wavelengths Special Sensor Ultra-violet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) remotely senses ionospheric, atmospheric, and auroral parameters using FUV spectrographic observations of the airglow and aurora, and visible photometric measurements of the aurora and nightglow. Electron Density Profiles (EDP), Neutral Density Profiles (NDP), Auroral Energy Deposition & Oval Location are derived from the measurements.

14. DMSP New Sensor Cal/Val First flight of �space weather� remote sensors (SSULI/SSUSI) on DMSP/F16 Optical sensors operating in the far/extreme UV Measure upper atmospheric airglow Infer space environment parameters for AFWA models First Flight for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) Combines the functionality of the heritage sensors Provides very high resolution temperature, water vapor, and surface property data to the users First time temperature profiling to 80 km Cal/Val Program Objective: Establish Sensor Products Ready for Operational Use Verify instrument performance Calibrate instruments Validate accuracy of current algorithms with ground truth Identify/fix significant algorithm problem areas Recommend long term algorithm improvements

15. Space Weather Analysis & Forecast System SWAFS is a software model resident on AFWA weather systems infrastructure that processes data inputs from various Space Weather data bases GUI interface between forecasters and space weather software models/algorithms Products are distributed in either a push (toward customer) or pull (customer obtains product from a website) environment Supports DoD, NASA, NORAD, USAF, USA, USN, USMC NOAA, and National Programs

17. SMC/WX Technology Transition

18. Summary DMSP has proven to be a valuable asset in supporting military and civil operations on the land, at sea, in space, and in the air. DMSP leads the way in tactical support from space Recent Personal experience in Iraq Aviation Ground Operations Intelligence DMSP data also supports the civil community Tropical storm intensity Snow and ice analysis Damage assessment On track to launch F-17 in the summer of 2005.

19. Supported Capabilities Intelligence DMSP has only on-orbit nighttime visual intelligence gathering capability: Images show increase in Kirkuk Oil Field operations during and after combat ops

20. Supported Capabilities Command & Control DMSP image of sand storm Force Protection (sand/dust storms)

21. DMSP Operations ImpactAFWA Satellite Applications Branch Tropical Cyclones AFWA augments and provides backup to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for the tropical cyclone analysis mission DMSP is critical for resource protection

22. DMSP Operations Impact National Ice Center High impact � critical data source for Navy, NOAA, Coast Guard, and commercial navigation