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The Globus eXtensible Input/Output System (XIO): A protocol independent IO system for the Grid

The Globus eXtensible Input/Output System (XIO) is a pioneering protocol-independent IO system designed for the Grid environment. It offers a single API with simple open/close/read/write functionality, hiding complex protocol details for scalability and compatibility. The framework supports various drivers for specific protocols and devices, enabling seamless data transfer and manipulation. With asynchronous support and error checking, Globus XIO streamlines IO operations, making it ideal for geographically dispersed resources, supercomputers, and specialized scientific devices.

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The Globus eXtensible Input/Output System (XIO): A protocol independent IO system for the Grid

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  1. The Globus eXtensible Input/Output System (XIO):A protocol independent IO system for the Grid Bill Allcock, John Bresnahan, Raj Kettimuthu and Joe Link Argonne National Laboratory

  2. Grid IO • Geographically disperse resources • Supercomputers/clusters • Large data store • Specialized scientific devices • Telescopes, environmental sensors • Collaborative sessions • Access Grid • Varying network and file transfer protocols • TCP, UDP, XCP, GridFTP etc

  3. Typical Approach

  4. Example Application

  5. Problems • Development time • Application must learn to use many different APIs • Each API has its own semantics • Asynchronous/Synchronous • Threaded/non-threaded • Scalability and compatibility • Application must be modified to work with new protocols/devices • Application must keep up with orthogonal research issues

  6. Observations • Data stream IO abstraction • Many Grid IO needs can be treated as a stream of bytes • Open/close/read/write functionality satisfies most requirements • Protocol details • Rarely does the application need to deal with protocol details • Most needs can be satisfied at initialization time

  7. Solution • Globus XIO user API • Single API/single set of semantics • Simple open/close/read/write API • Driver abstraction • Hides protocol details • Allows for extensibility • Drivers can be selected at runtime

  8. Globus XIO Approach

  9. Example Application with XIO

  10. Drivers • Make single API do many types of IO • Specific drivers for specific protocols/devices • Transport • Moves data out of process space • TCP, UDP, File etc • Transform • Manipulate or examine data • Do not move data outside of process space • Compression, security etc

  11. Stack • Transport • Exactly one per stack • Must be on the bottom • Transform • Zero or many per stack • Control flows from user to the top of the stack, to the transport driver

  12. Driver development • A set of function signatures • Implemented by the driver • Registered with Globus XIO • Semantics • XIO makes calls to these functions expecting specific behavior • Read() interface function should produce data and write() should consume data

  13. Attributes and controls • Way to expose functionalities specific to a protocol • User API to control the attributes and special features of a driver • An opportunity to tweak parameters specific to a driver • Attributes and controls support is optional and a driver may choose not to have it

  14. Globus XIO Framework • Moves data from user to driver stack • Manages the interactions between drivers • Assist in the creation of drivers • Asynchronous support • Close and EOF barriers • Error checking • Internal API for passing operations down the stack

  15. Existing drivers • Transport • TCP, UDP, File, GridFTP • UDT - UDP based reliable data transport protocol • Multi-stream - uses multiple transport protocol streams for data transfer • Transform • GSI, HTTP, Ordering

  16. Performance analysis • Compare with raw sockets and Globus IO • Latency tests • Ping-Pong tests, 1000 times, average of 10 runs • Loopback, LAN and WAN • Bandwidth tests • Send 1000 back-to-back messages and wait for reply, average of 10 runs • LAN and WAN

  17. Latency over Loopback Interface

  18. Latency comparison on LAN

  19. Latency comparison on a WAN

  20. Bandwidth on a LAN

  21. Bandwidth on a WAN

  22. Multiple drivers on a stack

  23. Summary • Provides a simple and uniform IO API • Appropriate for most byte stream oriented applications • Ability to quickly adapt to • Different transport protocols • Different data access mechanisms • Provides a convenient framework for research and development

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