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AP world Chapter 17 notes

AP world Chapter 17 notes. Casey Pasternak Period: 4. Columbian Exchange. Columbian Exchange : transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between New & Old Worlds. Livestock/ agriculture to New World Crops to Old World. Spread of Disease.

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AP world Chapter 17 notes

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  1. AP worldChapter 17 notes Casey Pasternak Period: 4

  2. Columbian Exchange • Columbian Exchange: transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between New & Old Worlds. • Livestock/ agriculture to New World • Crops to Old World

  3. Spread of Disease • New World people lacked immunity to diseases • SMALLPOX • Killed 50% or more….. 75% of Mayan population disappears • Yellow Fever kills Europeans • Helped Europeans build empire and kept Natives from fighting back

  4. Life in the New World • Livestock population grew rapidly: not many predators, a lot of space! • The horse---increased hunter efficiency, military capacity, easier to hunt, and changed cultures.

  5. Created like their homelands • Classes • Aztec and Inca elites fought to keep their own traditions • Amerindian culture stayed under cover of Christianity; influenced future Latin American culture • Brought slaves with African cultureCouncil of the Indies: supervised government and commercial activity in Spanish colonies. • limited by geography and power • Eventually rule went to locals

  6. Religious Conversion • Catholic Church: main transmission to Christianity • Wanted elites first • Secretly kept old ways • Resulted in torture, execution, and forced conversion • Ended up redirecting to cities • Church controlled everything; very rich!

  7. Bartolome de Las Casas • Priest • Advocate for natives • New Laws of 1542: outlawed enslavement of natives & limited forced labor

  8. Economies • Peru and Mexico– silver mines • Brazil– sugar plantations • Encomienda- forced labor • 1/7 of adult males work six months every year in mines, farms, or textile factories. • Women and children also joined • African slave imports increased • Illegal trading

  9. Society • Slave resistance • African and European cultures blended • Black population grew rapidly • Mixed descent groups • Called “castas”

  10. English & French colonies • Came almost a century after Spain and Portugal • British had more European immigrants than other colonies • Virginia Company from London: funded colonizing Virginia. • Took awhile to get successful colony

  11. Indentured slaves: 80% of all English immigrants • Could get trip in return for years of labor • Slave population skyrocket: 950 to 120,000 • House of Burgesses: governor, council, and representative meetings. • Democratic

  12. the South • Big on fur trade • Weakened by conflicts and epidemics • Amerindians attacked in 1700’s • African slaves and culture strong in South Carolina • S. Carolina most hierarchial

  13. New England region • Welcome Pilgrims! • Wanted to break from Church of England • The Puritans– wanted to “purify” • No cash crops. Used fur, timber, and fish for trade

  14. Mid-atlantic • Trading relationships with Iroquois Confederacy– alliance with natives • Successful economy: thank you New York City • Pennsylvania- founded by William Penn • Exported a lot of grain

  15. French • New France colony in Quebec • Enemies with Iroquois Confederacy • Competition among natives—firearms • Increased warfare all through New World • *treated Natives as allies and trading powers—unlike other societies! • Expanded West & South

  16. French & Indian war • France vs. England • Over population growth & increasing prosperity • “Seven Years War” • France surrender. Gave Canada to English and Louisiana to Spain

  17. expansion • Long period of economic & demographic expansion • Powers responded by strengthening control in colonies • Wars in Americas and along trade routes • Intercolonial trade increases • Mining!

  18. conflicts • Increased taxes • Rebellions and riots • TupacAmaru II- leader of rebellion in 1780 • Happened in Brazil with Portugese also • Wealth from gold and diamonds paid for 2 million African slaves imported

  19. Reorganization! • King Charles II wanted tighter control on colonies • Ended by James II– but not without some colonial rebellion! • Social divisions more evident • Increased military, taxes= not happy colonists!

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