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Overview of North Africa and Southwest Asia: Geography, Culture, and Governance

This summary provides an overview of North Africa and Southwest Asia, highlighting key countries such as Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan. It discusses capitals, significant geographical features, cultural elements like Islam and historical contexts like colonialism and civil wars. The notes emphasize the region's diverse attributes, including trade, religion, and societal customs, and cover contemporary issues like revolutions and governance.

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Overview of North Africa and Southwest Asia: Geography, Culture, and Governance

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  1. Chapter 16-17 Notes North Africa and Southwest Asia

  2. Egypt • Capital---Cairo • Hieroglyphics: writing using symbols • Delta: area formed by soil deposited at mouth • Mosque: places of worship for Islam • Bazaar: marketplace • Oases: areas in deserts formed by underground water

  3. Libya • Civil War: conflict between groups in the same country • Secular: non-religious • Just had a revolution—setting up democracy • Capital---Tripoli

  4. Tunisia • North Africa’s smallest country • Has Roman ruins (Carthage) • Atlas Mountains are here • Was a French colony until 1956 • Tunis is capital

  5. Algeria • Largest country in North Africa • Sells oil and natural gas • Must import 1/3 of its food • Was a French colony until 1962 • Algiers is capital

  6. Morocco • Strait of Gibraltar is close to here • Rabat is capital • Muslim-person who follows Islam • Islam-religion • Arab-person of Middle Eastern descent

  7. Turkey • Istanbul is only city in world that lies on 2 continents • Unique location because it bridges the continents of Europe and Asia • Half of people farm • Used to be called Anatolia • Was called the Ottoman Empire during WWI • Capital is Ankara • Official religion is Islam

  8. Syria • Center of trade for centuries • Does not allow many freedoms • Oil is major export • Bedouins are here---nomadic people who follow traditional way of life • Damascus is capital • Monotheism: belief in one God • People trying to start revolution • US embassy just closed there

  9. Lebanon • Most densely wooded area of all Middle Eastern countries • Beirut is capital • Still overcoming violent civil war that lasted from 1975-1991

  10. Jordan • Lacks water resources • Most people that flee Israel/Palestine conflict settle here • Amman is capital • Petra is an ancient city carved in a cliff that is located here

  11. Saudi Arabia • Customs are based on Quran (Islam’s holy book) • Largest country in SW Asia • World’s largest exporter of oil • Uses desalinization to get water • Mecca is holiest city in Islam • All Muslims are expected to make a hajj (religious journey) to Mecca if possible

  12. Yemen • Only country in SW Asia that does not have large deposits of oil • Very ancient country • Capital is a walled city called Sanaa

  13. Iraq • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are here • Baghdad is capital • Saddam Hussein was dictator that was overthrown by US forces after 9-11-01

  14. Iran • Once known as Persia • Elburz and Zagros Mountains here • Oil rich nation • Capital is Tehran • 98% of people follow Islam • Ruled by dictator • Used to be ruled by shahs (kings)

  15. Did you know that in iran…… • -Law states that women who appear on streets and in public without the prescribed ‘Islamic Hejab’ will be condemned to 74 strokes of the lash. • -Dictator does not believe in the Holocaust • -The media is controlled by the government, and there is no internet access in this country.

  16. Afghanistan • Country is landlocked • Hindu Kush Mountains here • Kabul is capital • Known to harbor terrorists (Al-Queda) • Taliban is a terrorist group that ruled the country until US forces overthrew them after 9-11-01

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