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Understanding DNA Replication: Structure, Function, and Key Processes

This journal entry explores the intricate process of DNA replication, detailing its double helix structure and the essential role of the sugar-phosphate backbone. The process results in two identical daughter strands, facilitated by enzymes like DNA polymerase, which adds nitrogen bases and proofreads the DNA sequences. Key concepts such as the replication fork, nucleotide composition, and the importance of replication for growth and cell division are discussed. Additionally, we briefly touch on related biological topics like vaccines and mutations for a comprehensive understanding.

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Understanding DNA Replication: Structure, Function, and Key Processes

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  1. Journal: Describe how DNA is replicated

  2. Q. What is the shape of DNA? A. Double Helix

  3. Q. What is the “backbone” of DNA A. Sugar and phosphates

  4. Q. What is the product of DNA replication? A. Two Identical daughter strands

  5. Q. What does DNA polymerase do? A. Adds the nitrogen bases & proof reads the DNA sequences

  6. Q. Why must DNA replicate? A. growth and cell division

  7. Q. What is the name of the bond that holds one base to another base, forming the “rungs” of the DNA ladder? hydrogen bond

  8. What is a vaccine? a harmless version of a disease-causing microbe

  9. What does a vaccine do? Causes an immune response… The body will make antibodies to fight the microbe

  10. Q: What is a bacteriophage? Virus that infects bacteria

  11. Q: When does DNA replication occur? During the Synthesis (S) phase of Interphase

  12. What is a replication fork? Half of a replication bubble, where the DNA seperates.

  13. What is DNA made of? Nucleotides

  14. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Phosphate group, Sugar (deoxyribose), & nitrogen base

  15. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid

  16. What is DNA named after? Deoxyribose (sugar)

  17. There are two different groups of nitrogen bases what are they? Purines and Pyrimidines

  18. How many rings do purines have? Two

  19. How many rings do pyrimidines have? 1 ring

  20. Which nitrogen bases are purines? Adenine and guanine

  21. Which are pyrimidines? Thymine and Cytosine

  22. Amount of A= amount of ___ T

  23. If the parent strand reads AGCTCCGATT what will the complimentary strand read? TCGAGGCTAA

  24. What is the enzyme that unwinds/unzips the DNA? Helicase

  25. What enzyme adds the nitrogen bases? DNA polymerase

  26. Where does the energy for DNA replication come from? When a nucleotide joins the strand, phosphate groups are broken off

  27. What are the steps of DNA replication? DNA unwinds, hydrogen bonds break, replication bubbles form, bubble grow together, two identical strands formed.

  28. What are the base pairing rules? A-T, G-C

  29. What is a mutation? Change in nucleotide sequence

  30. What enzyme proofreads the DNA and can fix mistakes? DNA polymerase

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