Assignment – Computer 1

1. Assignment – Computer 1 5 Froilan Victor T. Bacungan Jr. 1 – Blessed Pedro Calungsod

2. What is a robot? • A robot is a mechanical or virtual, artificialagent. It is usually an electromechanicalsystem, which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. SOURCE: en.wikipedia.org

3. Who was the first to use the word ‘robot’? • The word robot was introduced to the public at large by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1920. SOURCE: en.wikipedia.org

4. Identify and describe the robots who were in the “Robot Hall of Fame”. Add pictures if possible. • 1. Sony AIBO • In Japanese, AIBO means “companion.” In English, AIBO is an acronym for “Artificial Intelligence BOt”. AIBO, destined to sell well in excess of 130,000 units worldwide during its seven- year product cycle, was intended to be a companion-slash-entertainment robot for both the consumer and the technophile. AIBO can see, hear, and understand commands (showing true dog-like behavior, it is also programmed to occasionally ignore them). AIBO has the ability to learn, to adapt to its environment, and to express emotion. AIBO sees in color, hears in stereo, and feels objects with its feet. It has grown more sophisticated over the years as new features have been added. SOURCE: www.robothalloffame.org

5. Identify and describe the robots who were in the “Robot Hall of Fame”. Add pictures if possible. • 2. SCARA • The acronym SCARA stands for Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm. The robots themselves may vary in size and shape but all SCARA arms are consistent in a unique 4-axis motion. SCARA excels in “pick and place”… in its unique ability to pick up industrial components from one location and place them in another, with precision, speed, and smooth motion. The SCARA arm behaves somewhat like the human arm in that joints allow the arm to move vertically and horizontally. However, the SCARA arm has limited motion at the wrist; it can rotate but it cannot tilt. SCARA robots were introduced to commercial assembly lines in 1981 and still offer the best price/performance ratio regarding high speed assembly. The Japanese flexible assembly system, based on the SCARA robot, created a worldwide boom in small electronics production, creating products which drove the economy and changed the world forever. SOURCE: www.robothalloffame.org

6. Identify and describe the robots who were in the “Robot Hall of Fame”. Add pictures if possible. • 3. David • The character of David, in Steven Spielberg’s movie Artificial Intelligence : AI (2001) challenges all of our preconceptions about robots. David is an android that looks like the world’s most adorable ten-year old boy, with advanced artificial intelligence and the unique potential for an emotional relationship with a human being. When Monica, his adoptive mother, activates an irreversible imprinting protocol, David becomes capable of emotion, of loving her with an unconditional love that will last until he is destroyed. SOURCE: www.robothalloffame.org

7. Identify and describe the robots who were in the “Robot Hall of Fame”. Add pictures if possible. • 4. Maria • The robot MARIA stands apart as one of the only female robotic images of early science fiction. She appears in Metropolis, a science fiction film produced in Germany in 1927. Directed by Fritz Lang, the black and while silent movie is set in the year 2026, in the city of Metropolis, a vision of massive industry based on the back-breaking labor of the underclass. The masses of workers live a grim existence, toiling to sustain the lives of the privileged. The image of this female robot is one of the most powerful iconic images in the history of film. SOURCE: www.robothalloffame.org

8. Identify and describe the robots who were in the “Robot Hall of Fame”. Add pictures if possible. • 5. Gort • Introduced in the 1951 movie classic The Day the Earth Stood Still, Gort comes to Earth as the killer robot bodyguard of the mysterious spaceman, Klaatu, who is on a mission of peace. Gort embodies the threat of the unknown and the unfamiliar, as the film explores the human tendency to panic and rush to violence when confronted by situations we don’t know and don’t understand. SOURCE: www.robothalloffame.org

9. Trace the origin of Lego and what does the word “Lego” mean? • The Lego Group had humble beginnings in the workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen, a carpenter from Billund, Denmark. When plastic came into widespread use, Ole Kirk kept with the times and began producing plastic toys. The company name Lego was coined by Christiansen from the Danish phrase leg godt, which means "play well". SOURCE: en.wikipedia.org

10. Describe Lego MINDSTORMS. • Lego Mindstorms is a line of Lego sets combining programmable bricks with electric motors, sensors, Lego bricks, and Lego Technic pieces (such as gears, axles, beams, and pneumatic parts) to build robots and other automated or interactive systems. SOURCE: en.wikipedia.org

11. Describe the major parts of a Lego Mindstorms Kit. • Lego Mindstorms NXT is a programmable robotics kit released by Lego in July 2006, replacing the first-generation Lego Mindstorms kit. The kit consists of 519 Technic pieces, 3 servo motors, 4 sensors (ultrasonic, sound, touch, and light), 7 wires, a USB cable, and the NXT brick. It also includes NXT-G, a graphical programming environment that enables the creation and downloading of programs to the NXT. SOURCE: en.wikipedia.org