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Performance Modifiers

Performance Modifiers. The Problem. After the realization that animals had a need for protein supplementation the livestock industry was still trying to find ways to increase efficiency and productivity. The Solution.

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Performance Modifiers

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  1. Performance Modifiers

  2. The Problem After the realization that animals had a need for protein supplementation the livestock industry was still trying to find ways to increase efficiency and productivity.

  3. The Solution • Practical methods of utilizing synthetic or manufactured compounds to enhance growth and efficiency were developed. • These Compounds: • Performance Modifiers

  4. What is a Performance Modifier? • Somatotropins • Proteins that affect the utilization of energy in the body • Produced in the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain.

  5. Performance Modifiers • Examples • Injectables • Bovine Somatotropin (BST) • Porcine Somatotropin (PST) • Implants • Growth hormones and steriods

  6. Bovine Somatotropin (BST)

  7. BST and the Cow • Produced naturally in the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. • Causes energy derived from feed to be used for milk production rather than for weight gain.

  8. Without BST?Energy From Food • Growth Milk _____________________________________ With BST Energy from Feed Growth Milk

  9. Genetic Engineering & BST • The advancement in technology has allowed for the manufacture of “recombinant bovine somatotropin” (rBST) • The Food and Drug Administration approved rBST for use in November of 1993.

  10. Administration of BST • Recommendation: • Injections should begin 9 weeks after the cow has calved • Repeat injection every 14 days throughout lactation • Discontinue use 2 weeks before the end of lactation

  11. What cows should have BST? • The cow should be: • In good body condition • Gaining weight • Well managed • Fed a balanced ration with high quality forage

  12. Which cows should NOT have BST? • Cows with: • Poor health • Poorly balanced rations • Inadequate feed • High somatic cell count • Stress • Breeding problems

  13. Benefits of BST? • Increase milk production • 5 to 15 pounds/day

  14. Is it worth it? That is for the farmer to determine!

  15. Porcine Somatotropin (PST)

  16. What is PST? • A protein produced in the pituitary gland • Growth Regulator • Production of PST decreases as a pig matures

  17. What are the benefits of PST? • Improves feed efficiency • Improves gain • Decreases fat deposition • Causing less back fat • Produces more muscle mass • Leading to a bigger loin eye area

  18. Making PST Successful • Diet must consist of more protein and amino acids to support the increased growth rate.

  19. Genetic Engineering & PST • PST is produced in the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. • Synthetically producing PST • Scientists have isolated the gene from the pig and inserted it into E. coli • E. coli then produces PST synthetically • The PST is then isolated and injected into the pig

  20. Beef Cattle & Growth Implants

  21. Growth Implants • Have been extensively used in beef production for over 30 years • Can be used in cattle from 45 days old and up • Use of implants in NOT recommended for replacement heifers or breeding bull calves

  22. Benefits of Growth Implants • Suckling Calves • Improved weaning weights of 3-5% • Feeder calves • Improved feed efficiency and gain of 5-15%

  23. Injected into the middle third of the back side of the ear Outside the cartilage ring at the base of the ear Implant Use

  24. Nutrition Is Key! • Cattle must have adequate nutrition before the use of implants positively influences feed efficiency and gain

  25. Problems with Growth Implants • Carcass Composition • Heavy carcass weight with large frame, exotic cattle • Poor yield grades in heifers with certain types of implants • Poor quality grades if implanting schedules are not managed appropriately

  26. The key to successful resultsfrom implants depend on… Good Management

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