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Smith- ing in the 19 th Century

Smith- ing in the 19 th Century . The first form of Manufacturing metals . “Smithies” The workers . Men who worked in Black smiths were known as “Smithies” All forge workers were Male

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Smith- ing in the 19 th Century

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  1. Smith-ing in the 19th Century The first form of Manufacturing metals

  2. “Smithies”The workers • Men who worked in Black smiths were known as “Smithies” • All forge workers were Male • Most men were apprenticed at boy hood and then took over the forge when their master died. Apprentices were called “strikers” • “Smithing” often ran in the family. • There was often may people in a forge including a Master, and any number of apprentices • “Smithies” were often though of as rough and dirty men due to their work with coal for the forge.

  3. The Forgethe most important of the workshop • The forge itself was the heart of the workshop • It may also be known as the Hearth • It is used to heat the metal so that it will be malleable. • In the 19th Century coal was burnt and bellows was used as an air source. • A “striker” was often used to pump the billows and stoke the fire.

  4. The Forge (cont.)

  5. What was neededThe in-puts to run a workshop • Iron ore was combined with low levels of Carbon (5%) to provide the “Wrought Iron”. • Coal and air to fuel the fire in the Forge • An anvil was used to shape the metal on. • Smithing tools such as hammers, tongs, and files were used to work with the hot metal.

  6. TechniquesWays of shaping the metal • There are several different techniques used to shape the metal. • “Bending” is used to curve the metal around the horn of the anvil • “Twisting” was used to add twists to the metal and was made using tongs • “Upsetting” was used to widen one section of the metal while other sections stayed thin. • “Flattening” was used to flatten a portion of the metal

  7. ProductsWhat was being made • Blacksmiths produced a range of functional (not decretive) products. • Some worked for companies and produced specific items in bulk • Others worked as “free-lancers” for their village or town and produced what was needed. • Some of the products of a workshop might be Horseshoes, Irons (hand cuffs), cutlery, iron work (for buildings, ships or carriages).

  8. In Great Expectationsa famous literary “Smithy” • Joe Gargery is a village blacksmith who owns his own forge. • Pip and Orlick are apprenticed to Joe as a “strikers” • Joe is a “crude smith” who produces mainly items such as horse-shoes or Leg Irons. • Mrs. Joe often despairs at her being married to a Blacksmith as it is not a very high profession.

  9. Bibliography • Berendsohn, Roy. "Blacksmithing 101: How to Make a Forge and Start Hammering Metal - Popularmechanics.com." Automotive Care, Home Improvement, Tools, DIY Tips - Popularmechanics.com. Popular Mechanics, n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. <http://www.popularmechanics.com/home/how-to- plans/4303543>. • Eyrian. Coal Forge. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Wikipedia. Web. 9 Apr. 2010. • Kittelsen, Theodor. The Smith and the Baker. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Answers.com. Web. 12 Apr. 2010.

  10. Bibliography (cont.) • Peffers, Kevin. "Kevin Peffers, Blacksmith, PEI, Canada." Kevin Peffers Blacksmith. Prince Edward Island, Canada. Kevin Peffers, n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. <http://www.planeandanvil.com/Process/Blacksmith/b lacksmith.html>. • Small, W. Blacksmith Weilding a sledgehammer. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. The Demesne of Dis Pater. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. • Unknown, Unknown. Blacksmith's Sparks. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Free Digital photos. Web. 10 Apr. 2010. • Wright, Joseph. The Forge. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Art Experts Inc.. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

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