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Strategies and Strengths of the Civil War: North vs. South

This chapter analyzes the strengths and strategies of both the Northern and Southern states during the Civil War. The North's advantages included a larger population, more factories, and greater food production. Conversely, the South boasted its cotton production, skilled generals, and motivated soldiers. The Union's blockade and plans to capture Richmond tested the Southern resolve. The Emancipation Proclamation played a crucial role in moral motivation and shifted the war's dynamics. The chapter also explores the impact of war on soldiers, women’s roles, and regional economies.

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Strategies and Strengths of the Civil War: North vs. South

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 4 Section 2

  2. Strengths and Strategies • Northern strengths: more people, factories, food production • Southern strengths: cotton, good generals, motivated soldiers • Union plan: blockade ports, split South in two, capture Richmond

  3. Britain Remains Neutral • Britain does not need cotton, does need Northern goods

  4. Proclaiming Emancipation • Emancipation Proclamation empowers army to free Confederate slaves • Gives soldiers moral purpose; compromise no longer possible • Both sides face Political Dissent • Lincoln, Davis suspend habeas corpus to suppress disloyalty, dissent

  5. War Leads to Social Upheaval • Casualties, desertions lead to conscription on both sides • Conscription—draft that forces men to enlist; leads to draft riots African Americans Fight for Freedom • African Americans are 1% of North’s population, 10% of army • Serve in separate regiments, paid less than whites for most of war Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides • Soldiers often sick from camp filth, limited diet, poor medical care • Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary; many die of malnutrition, disease

  6. Women Work to Improve Conditions • Thousands of women serve as nurses for both sides • Union nurse Clara Barton later founds American Red Cross The War Affects Regional Economies • Confederacy faces food shortage, increased prices, inflation • Union army’s need for supplies supports Northern industry • North’s standard of living declines • Congress enacts income tax (percentage of income) to pay for war

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