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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Let ’ s take a look back! Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose Occurs only in plants or organisms with chloroplasts and chlorophyll Carbon dioxide is taken in Oxygen is given off Requires light. CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

olympia-daugherty
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Let’s take a look back! • Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose • Occurs only in plants or organisms with chloroplasts and chlorophyll • Carbon dioxide is taken in • Oxygen is given off • Requires light

  2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Cellular Respiration: chemical process where carbohydrates are broken down to be a quick source of ATP • Location: mostly within Mitochondria • Food  ATP

  3. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Two Types: • Aerobic: needs Oxygen • Anaerobic: does NOT need Oxygen • 3 Stages: • Glycolysis • Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) • Electron Transport Chain

  4. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • 3 Stages: • Glycolysis = ANAEROBIC • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) = AEROBIC • Electron Transport Chain = AEROBIC

  5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Glycolysis: means “breaks down glucose” • Occurs in cytoplasm • Costs 2 ATPs to start reaction • Breaks glucose down to Pyruvic Acid • Makes total of 4 ATPs • At end of reaction, net of 2 ATP, and NADH (energy carrier) • NOT EFFICIENT

  6. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

  7. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) • Occurs in Mitochondria • Aerobic • 2 Cycles occur at same time • Each cycle produces 1 ATP

  8. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) • Yields (Produces): • 2 Net ATP • NADH and FADH2 • Carbon Dioxide

  9. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

  10. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Electron Transport Chain • NADH & FADH2 from Citric Acid Cycle unloads electrons at ETC • Result: 32 ATP is made • H2O also made

  11. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • END RESULT: • 36-38 ATP made from all 3 Stages • Oxidative Phosphorylation • Oxygen is final electron acceptor • ADP is converted to ATP by adding phosphate group • But wait! What if there was not enough oxygen? Could cellular respiration still have taken place?

  12. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • YES! Anaerobic Respiration or FERMENTATION takes place!

  13. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • FERMENTATION • 2 Kinds: • Lactic Acid • Alcoholic • Both kinds only use GLYCOLYSIS • How many ATPs does that mean they make?

  14. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Anaerobic • Produces burning feeling in muscle cells • Occurs when body worked to point that more oxygen being used than taken in • Produces LACTIC ACID and 2 ATP

  15. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Alcoholic • Anaerobic • Carried out by some bacteria and yeast • Used to bake bread and make wine • Produces CO2, Ethyl Alcohol, and 2 ATP

  16. Let us do some comparisons! • Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Food synthesized Food broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy of glucose released Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off Oxygen taken in Oxygen given off Produces sugars from PGAL Produces CO2 and H2O Does not require light Requires light Occurs only in presence of chlorophyll Occurs in allliving cells

  17. Let us do some comparisons! • Fermentation vs. Cellular Respiration Comparison of Fermentation to Cellular Respiration Lactic Acid Alcoholic Cellular respiration glucose glucose glucose glycolysis (pyruvic acid) glycolysis (pyruvic acid) glycolysis (pyruvic acid) carbon dioxide carbon dioxide lactic acid water alcohol 2 ATP 2 ATP 36 ATP

  18. Check It! • The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called ________. A. photosynthesis B. cellular respiration C. the light-independent reaction D. the Calvin cycle

  19. Check It! • The three stages of cellular respiration are ________. A. Carbon fixation, the Calvin cycle, and the electron transport chain B. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain C. glycolysis, the electron transport chain, and the citric acid cycle D. the light-dependent reactions, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

  20. Check it! • Which of the following yields the greatest net ATP? A. Lactic acid fermentation B. Alcoholic fermentation C. Calvin cycle D. Cellular respiration

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