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Vietnam War

Vietnam War. Ch. 29. Domino Theory Eisenhower believed that if one southeastern nation fell to communism than all would fall. Ho Chi Minh Fought for independence with group Vietnminh before, during and after WWII.

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Vietnam War

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  1. Vietnam War Ch. 29

  2. Domino Theory Eisenhower believed that if one southeastern nation fell to communism than all would fall. Ho Chi Minh Fought for independence with group Vietnminh before, during and after WWII. Was Communist sympathizer fighting French rule through the Republic of Vietnam. Won independence in 1954 at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu Geneva Accords Divided nation into two separate Nations at the 17th parallel. Ho Chi Minh ruled North Vietnam in Hanoi and Ngo Dinh Diem led South Vietnam in Saigon. 1956 elections to reunify Vietnam never happened due to Diem insistence that fair elections could not take place. Path to War

  3. American Policy • John F. Kennedy • Increased military advisors to 16K by 1963. • Helped a coup to overthrow and assassinate South Vietnam leader Diem in 1963 establishing the Viet Cong and National Liberation Front. • Diem removed due to lack of funds being used correctly, and religious background. • Robert McNamara Secretary of Defense • Lyndon B. Johnson • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Response to perceived attack by North Vietnamese on US battle ships in the Gulf of Tonkin. • Maintained that President suppress all attacks against US, Southeast Asia is vital to US security, and resolution expires when peace is achieved

  4. Students for a Democratic Society Port Huron Statement of 1962 stated that US should be a social system with individual participation. Led to the creation of the New Left which believed that poverty and racism required drastic changes. The Free Speech Movement Sept. 1964 students were not allowed to distribute leaflets about civil rights. Teach-in Movement March 1965 at University of Michigan. Professors taught special night class attended by several thousand students and community members. Draft Resistance Conscientious objectors Deferment Leaving the country Burning of draft cards Protests to the War

  5. Election of 1968 • Johnson chooses not to run. • Robert Kennedy assassinated in June 1968. • Nixon chosen as Republican choice won with 43% of popular vote and 301 electoral votes over Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace.

  6. The Ground War • Guerrilla Warfare • Sabotage • Sneak attacks • Elaborate underground tunnels • Booby traps • Enemy within civilians

  7. Air Warfare • Use of B-52 Bomber, Huey Helicopters and saturation bombing. • Fragmentation bombs • Bombs that exploded and threw fragments of shells miles into the air. • Chemical warfare • Agent Orange • Killed large amounts of vegetation to revel enemy locations. • Napalm • Gel that burned uncontrollably

  8. Ho Chi Minh Trail Supply route that ran from North to South Vietnam to arm North sympathizers in the South. Battle of Pleiku Feb. 1965, first major attack on American forces in South Vietnam killing 8 and wounding 126. America responded by bombing North Vietnam and escalating troop presence to over 184K by the end of the year. Tet Offensive Tet is the Vietnamese New Year. American forces had escalated to 536K by the end of 1968. Major offensive launched on the first day of the New Year by the North. Brutally massacred any one all over South Vietnam. 3 to 5K killed. Massacre at My Lai American forces fearing enemy insurgents massacred women, children and grandparents of Vietnamese village. Major Battles

  9. Hawks and doves Vietnamization Removing of American soldiers and replacing with South Vietnamese soldiers. Continued secret bombing raids to not lose war Silent Majority A large group of Americans that supported country’s policy but remained silent. Kent State Shooting American Withdrawal Jan. 1973, signed agreement with North and South Vietnam. Us withdraw within 60 days. Prisoners of War released. All parties end military activities in Laos and Cambodia. 17th parallel remains until country reunited. End of the War

  10. End of the War • South Vietnam falls in 1975. • 58K Americans died in Vietnam. • 2,500 listed as POW’s and/or MIA’s. • Longest War costing 150 billion dollars. • Creation of the Vietnam War memorial.

  11. Move to your Satellite Groups Blue- What was the biggest reason America went to War in Vietnam. Red- How did Americans show their displeasure with American involvement in Vietnam. White- Discuss the similarities and differences between Vietnam and America’s war on terror in Afganistan and Iraq? Answer each in 3-5 complete sentences explaining your groups decisions.

  12. Exit Ticket Relate one item in today’s lecture back to one of today’s essential questions. Pick one item from today’s lecture that you can personally relate to. Is there something from today’s lecture that was unclear or you would like more information about? Answers should be written in complete sentences

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