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Three Primary Pork Industry Organizations

Three Primary Pork Industry Organizations. National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) National Pork Board (NPB) U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF). National Pork Producers Council. National Swine Growers Council - voluntary organization organized in mid 1950s

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Three Primary Pork Industry Organizations

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  1. Three Primary Pork Industry Organizations • National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) • National Pork Board (NPB) • U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF)

  2. National Pork Producers Council • National Swine Growers Council - voluntary organization organized in mid 1950s • Name changed to National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) in 1964 • Voluntary market deduction - checkoff • 1966 NHF articles - “Blueprint for Decision” • 1968 - 16 state associations organized • “Nickels for Profit” - nationwide checkoff program

  3. National Pork Producers Council • Largest commodity organization in the U.S. • 44 state associations - 85,000 members • Producer-run organization - grassroots involvement • Headquartered in Des Moines, IA • Branch office in Washington, D.C.

  4. National Pork Board (NPB) • 15 members appointed by Secretary of Agriculture • Set national checkoff rate and determine % of funds returned to state producer organizations • Collect, distribute, and account for all checkoff funds • Develop budgets, award contracts, evaluate all checkoff-funded programs

  5. National Legislative Pork Checkoff • Approved by Congress in December 1985 • Purpose is to provide funds for pork promotion, research, consumer information • All producers and importers of pork products contribute portion of sales • Current checkoff rate is 0.45% of value • Referendum vote - September 2000 • Mandatory checkoff was defeated

  6. NPPC & NPB

  7. U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF) • Works with nation’s meat and livestock industry to identify and develop overseas markets for U.S. beef, pork, and lamb • Based in Denver, Colorado • International offices - Tokyo, Singapore, Hamburg, Hong Kong, Taipei, Osaka, Mexico City, Shanghai, Seoul, Moscow, Beirut • Works to increase meat exports by creating visibility of demand for U.S. meat products

  8. National Swine Improvement Federation (NSIF) • National testing organization - 35 years • Representatives of all facets of the industry - producers, universities, seedstock companies • Guidelines for Uniform Swine Improvement Programs • Real-time ultrasound certification

  9. Purpose of NSIF • Uniform testing procedures • Develop individual testing programs • Cooperation among segments of the industry • Education programs for the industry • Confidence in performance testing

  10. History -- Where have we been? 1950s -- Fat-Type Hog 1960s -- Meat-Type Hog 1970s -- Large Framed, Flat Muscled Hog 1980s -- Wide Bodied, Fast Growing Hog 1990s -- Lean-Type Hog 2000s -- Lean-Type Hog with Quality Emphasis????

  11. Early Attempts to Evaluate Genetics -- 1950s-1960s • Live animal shows - carcass contests • Meat type hog standards • Certification program - PR litters - Certified Meat Sires • Backfat probe • Central testing stations • Genetically correlated problems with selection for meat type hogs

  12. Certification Standards -- 1953 • Must meet P.R. requirements - 8 pigs weaned • Litter weight at 56 days (Sows - 320#, Gilts - 275#) • Weigh 200 lbs. In 180 days • Weigh between 180 – 230 lbs. At slaughter • Three weight categories Live weight Length Backfat Loineye 180 – 199 28.5 – 31.5 1.1 – 1.6 3.50 200 – 214 29.0 – 32.0 1.2 – 1.7 3.75 215 – 230 29.5 – 32.5 1.3 – 1.8 4.00

  13. Seedstock Production: 1960s -1970s • Seedstock industry dominated by purebred breeders • Each farm had only one breed • Individual breed identity • Few crossbreds sold • Production sales • Shows and carcass contests • Central testing stations

  14. Pork Production: 1960s - 1970s • Large number of small diversified operations • Rotational crossbreeding systems • Most time spent breeding sows, grinding feed, loading hogs, etc. • Numerous packer buying stations • Little grade and yield, contracting • Little attention to meat quality • Seedstock industry dominated by purebred breeders

  15. Industry Transition: 1980s - 1990s • Larger and fewer production units • Intensive management - specialization • Terminal crossbreeding systems • Technology - AI, SEW, nutrition, etc. • Plant delivery of hogs • Corporate breeding companies • On farm testing - BLUP technology • Environmental concerns • Production shift away from Cornbelt

  16. Industry in 2010 • Continued • consolidation of production systems • Vertical integration and coordination • Lower profit margins • Especially throughout 2008 – 2009 • Loss of producer equity • Consumer-driven industry • Continued focus on consumer food demand • Increased interest in consumer interest in animal welfare and environment • Emergence of welfare and environmentally based marketing of pork to producers. • More organic, antibiotic free, etc. programs because consumers want them

  17. Industry in 2010 • Emphasis on feed efficiency and growth rate • Importance of throughput in grow – finish • Continued move to wean - to – finish for grow – finish facilities • Continued emphasis on lean • Focus on carcass size ultimately impacting primal cut size • Improves throughput of the packing secgtor • Emphasis on meat and eating quality • Supply of genetics dominated by breeding companies

  18. Enhancements to Genetic Evaluation • Computer technology • Larger, intensive seedstock production units • Data management systems • Artificial insemination - connectedness • Real-Time ultrasound - accuracy of evaluation

  19. Products of Seedstock Suppliers • Genetics - genetic merit of the pigs • System - terminal crossbreeding system, specialized lines, etc. • Service - recommendations, consultation, records, etc.

  20. Structure of the Seedstock Industry • Independent seedstock producers • Corporate breeding companies

  21. Independent Seedstock Producers • Purebred based, most have 2+ breeds • Herd size varies, multipliers, networks • Purebred & F1 boars, F1 & 3-way cross gilts • Extensive on-farm testing - individual records • Genetic variation - breed is one large herd through national testing program - STAGES

  22. Berkshire • One of the oldest breeds (1823 in the U.S.) • Imported from England - counties of Berkshire and Wiltshire • American Berkshire Association established in 1875 - first swine registry in the world • Original Berkshire - reddish or sandy color - crossed with Siamese and Chinese pigs

  23. Berkshires, cont. • Chester and Delaware counties in PN (near Lancaster County) • Dominated market shows in 1940s and 1950s • Black with six white points and erect ears • Confinement adaptability, aggressive breeders • Superior muscle quality • Export marketing programs

  24. Chester White • Early 19th century - Chester County, PA • Yorkshire and Lincolnshire breeds from UK, Chester breed in NY • Several early associations - combined starting 1911 • Solid white with drooping ears • Large litters, mothering ability • Little use outside of U.S. • Good meat quality

  25. Duroc • First called Duroc-Jersey (Association established in 1883) • Started from Jersey Reds of New Jersey, red Durocs of New York • Originally from Spain and Portugal, also Guinea coast of Africa • Reddish-brown strain of Berks

  26. Duroc, cont. • Influenced by Danish and Canadian imports • Reddish color with drooping ears • Fast growth, feed efficiency, rugged, durable • Superior muscle quality - intramuscular fat • Terminal sire used widely throughout the world

  27. Hampshire • One of oldest American breeds • Boone Co., KY - imported from Hampshire County in England - 1825-1835 • From “Old English Breed” from Scotland and Saddleback • Association established in 1893 - American Thin Rind Association • Black with white belt, erect ears • Leanness, carcass desirability

  28. Landrace • Descendents of Danish Landrace • Imported from Denmark by USDA in 1934, others from Norway and Sweden • Association established in 1950, known as bacon type hog • Solid white with large, floppy ears - long-bodied • Mothering ability, survival rate

  29. Poland • Originated from more different breeds than any other breed of livestock • Warren and Butler Counties in Ohio (1800-1850) • Wide swings in popularity • Black with six white points and drooping ears • Meaty carcasses, large loin eyes

  30. Spotted • Descended from original Poland China in Ohio • Developed in Indiana, association established in 1914 • First known as Spotted Poland China • Opened herdbook to Poland China in 1970s and Pietrain in 1990s • White with black spots and drooping ears • Fast growth rate, aggressive males

  31. Yorkshire • Imported from northern England in York County around 1830 • Known as Large White in Europe, "Mother breed" • Heavily influenced by recent importations from Sweden, England, Canada • White with erect ears - long, big frame • Have led in use of STAGES program

  32. Litter Recordings by Breed

  33. Litter Recordings By Breed

  34. Litter Recordings - All Breeds

  35. Pietrain • From village of Pietrain, Belgium • Exported to France and Germany • Medium size - white with black spots • Shorter legs, stocky, bulging hams • Extreme muscle, high lean% • Used by breeding companies to increase lean% • HAL gene - poor meat quality

  36. USA Breeding Companies • Trained geneticists • Elaborate, large scale testing programs • Tightly controlled health program • Large scale, national advertisement • Large volume suppliers • Complete control of germplasm • Numerous companies originated in England, Holland, Belgium

  37. Babcock Genetics • First called Midwest Swine, mainly in WI and MN - target small - medium size herds • Nucleus herd located in Wisconsin • Uses sales staff and contract production herds • Closed Herd System – rotaterminal on-site gilt replacement • Have eliminated the stress gene - first company to certify breeding stock free of the HAL gene

  38. Farmers Hybrid • Founded in 1938 as seed corn company • Swine breeding company started near Hampton, IA (1941) • Purchased by Monsanto in 1969 • Early history was rotational scheme with synthetic breeds • First company to hire Ph.D. geneticist (Dr. Earl Lasley) • No longer in business

  39. PIC International • Founded in 1962 by group of commercial producers in England • Purchased by Dalgety corporation • Came to U.S. about 25 years ago • Original elite herds in Kentucky and Wisconsin • Nucleus herd in Oklahoma

  40. PIC International • Female program based on Camborough female (LW x Swed. Land.) • 27 pure lines at nucleus level • Largest company in the world (30+ countries) • Licensed for Hal 1843* test • Licensed the ESR gene test • Several multiplier programs -- AI studs

  41. Newsham Genetics • Initially a merger of Newsham & Segher companies • More recently merged with Mosanto Choice Genetics • Based in Des Moines, IA. parent company in U.K. • Office in St. Louis, MO • Started in 1990 • Balanced terminal and maternal lines • Three site production • Emphasis on health • Gentel selection - stress

  42. Newsham Choice Genetics • The Monsanto portion of the company consists of : • Formerly Dekalb Swine, started from purchase of Lubbock Swine Breeders in 1970 - now owned by Monsanto • Genepacker maternal lines - have added NE Index line • EBX terminal sires • Meat Quality Initiative

  43. Genetipork USA • U.S. franchise of Genetiporc Canada (largest seedstock company in Canada) • Breton family in Canada (grain & poultry) • Originally chosen to supply needs of producers -- Morris Swine Health Center • Daughter nucleus herds in MN -- genetic control in Canada • Three site production - high health standards • Free of PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome • Free of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

  44. Based on Danish Pig Breeding Program - linked directly to Danish system • Started by Sid Burkey, NE and others • Terminal line based on Duroc and Hamp x Duroc cross lines (Danish lines) • BoarNet semen distribution network – 1,200 sires in AI centers • Maternal line based on Danish Large White and Landrace

  45. Nebraska SPF • Organization of SPF purebred breeders - most located in Nebraska • Started in 1959 with 10 herds • Whole herd testing -- work done by fieldmen • Pro-Elite gilts and terminal boars • Waldo Farms is main herd in system

  46. Hermitage NGT • Merger of two companies • National Genetic Technologies • Hermitage Pedigree Pigs • Hermitage Pedigree Pigs Ltd. In business since 1958. • Operating from our base in Kilkenny, Ireland, • The Hermitage ‘Maternal Line Program’ focuses on producing our female line. • These animals are bred and selected for female line traits. • Numbers Born Alive, • Feed Intake, • Growth Rate, • Milking Ability and • Weaning to Service Interval. • In addition, all our lines are intensively selected for overall conformation (feet, legs, teats, and general body conformation).

  47. Hermitage NGT • The Hermitage ‘Terminal Line Program’ focuses on producing our ‘Hylean’ lines. • Our ‘Hylean’ indices focus on • Growth Rate, • Feed Conversion, • Feed intake, • Lean Meat %, • Muscle Depth and Area, • Meat Quality and • overall body conformation.

  48. Fast Genetics • Canadian company based in Saskatchewan • Began in 1982 as a family-owned company with Dr. Harold Fast and his wife Marjorie as the sole owners and operators.  • Fast Genetics owns 3700 sows in genetic nucleus and multiplication production in Saskatchewan.  • In 2001 the Fast family sold part of its interest in the business to Hytek Ltd. of LaBroquerie, Manitoba.  • From the onset, Fast Genetics has paid particular attention to the health and vigor of their nucleus herd.  • The herd’s origin is from cesarean derived piglets reared on evaporated milk. • Maintained outstanding health status with records which indicate an absence of  the major health concerns since 1982. • Fast Genetics' nucleus herds, located in northern Saskatchewan, continue to maintain closed herds in isolation from other intensive hog production units.  The

  49. National Swine Registry • Located in West Lafayette, IN • Formed by Duroc, Hampshire, and Yorkshire breeds in 1994 • Joined by Landrace in 1998 • National across-herd sire summaries - performance pedigrees • Litter registrations, breed promotion, marketing assistance, educational materials

  50. Hypor • Is a part of Hendrix Genetics • European firm • Have other breeding activities • Pig • Broiler • Layer • Formerly known as Genex • Largely known for their Dam Lines • Recently purchased Duroc lines • Shade Oak • Designed Genetics (Paul Reese family)

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