Republicans Take Power

1. Republicans Take Power Chapter 9, Section 1

2. Election of 1800 • _____________ supported President Adams for 2nd term w/Charles Pinckney as VP from S. Carolina. • _____________ supported Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for VP from New York. • Both candidates wrote letters to citizens and newspapers instead of touring & making speeches. • Letter-writing campaign was a battle: • Federalists said Jefferson was “godless”, even though he believed in freedom of religion. • Republicans warned people that Federalists would bring back a King and only represented interests of wealthy people w/property.

3. Election Deadlock • Electoral College voted—ended in a tie! • Between Jefferson and _______ (not John Adams). • B/C of tie ____________________ decided election. • At the time, electors voted for each presidential & _______________ candidate. • To prevent another showdown between presidential & vice-presidential candidates, Congress passed the ____________ in 1803. • Requires electors to vote for the president and vice-president on separate ballots.

4. Jefferson’s Inauguration • March 4, 1801—Jefferson dressed in everyday clothes for inauguration. • President Adams did not attend (slipped out of city b/c he did not want to watch Jefferson become president) • In speech, he tried to bring __________ and __________together. • Believed large federal govt. threatened state & individual liberty. • He believed in reducing power & size of fed. govt. • Adopted ideas from French philosophy called _____________ Laissez-faire—______________________________________

5. Jefferson’s Policies • Believed strength of U.S. was its _______________. • If people owned property, they would fight to protect their rights & preserve republic. • This reason caused Jefferson to want to acquire more land and expand to the west. • Distrusted standing armies & wanted to reduce size of _______ • Surrounded himself w/people that shared his Republican beliefs. • Sec. of State--_________________________ • Sec. of Treasury--_______________________ • Jefferson/Gallatin wanted to reduce natl. debt. • Slashed military spending. • Cut army by 1/3 & navy from 25 ships to ____. • Significantly lowered debt this way.

6. Jefferson’s Policies & Courts • Repealed certain taxes—including ___________. • All govt. funds would come from _____________. • Taxes on foreign imported goods. • 1801—federal govt. consisted of few hundred people. • Responsibility of natl. govt. should be limited to delivering mail, collecting customs duties, and conducting a _____ every 10 years. Judiciary Act of 1801 • __________ passed Jud. Act of 1801. • Set up regional courts w/16 judges & other officials. • John Adams made hundreds of appts. to these positions & Federalist-controlled Congress approved them. • Asked Sec. of State _____________ to become Chief Justice.

7. Jefferson’s Courts • Adams tried to shut Jefferson out of appt. process & ensure ________ would control courts. • Adams & Marshall spent all night writing paperwork for appts. • Appts. couldn’t take effect until papers were delivered. • Jefferson took office of March 4, some papers left undelivered. • Jefferson told Sec. of State __________ not to deliver them. • One paper was addressed to William Marbury • __________ believed he should be forced into judicial system b/c of paper not being delivered. • Marshall turned him down, saying Sup. Ct. does not have ability to decide his case according to the Constitution.

8. Marbury v. Madison • Marshall set out 3 principles of judicial review: • Constitution is supreme law of land. • Conflict between Const. and other laws, Const. must be followed. • The __________ branch has duty to uphold Const. • Marbury v. Madison established judicial review. • Allowed Supreme Court to rule on acts of other branches for the first time.