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Understanding the Internet: Origins, Connections, and Search Techniques

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24 diapositives · 362 Views · Jul 30, 2014

This guide provides an overview of the Internet's origins, with a historical look at ARPANET and its development for information sharing in military and scientific research. It covers essential components for connecting to the Internet, such as computers, modems, and ISPs, as well as different types of connections. The guide explains the World Wide Web, web browsers, and HTML, along with browser features like toolbars and status bars. Additionally, it details search engines, their terminology, and effective research techniques for navigating online information.

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  1. Using the Internet Standard 1.02 Investigate uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

  2. Background of the Internet • Early origin in 1960s • Closely tied to a networking project started by a governmental division called the Advanced Research Projects Agency. • Original name: ARPANET • Created so that scientists were able to share information on military and scientific research.

  3. The Internet • Connecting to the internet • What is needed to connect to the internet? • Computer, modem, ISP • What are the different types of connections? • Cables, wireless, 3G • World Wide Web

  4. What is a browser? • The software program that you use to retrieve information from the World Wide Web (WWW) and to display them in a readable format. • Web browsers • HTML- (Hypertext Markup Language) is the language used to create documents for the WWW. • Examples: • Internet Explorer • Safari • Firefox • Google Chrome

  5. Title bar • Menu bar • Scroll bar • Address bar • Tool bar • Status bar • Go button • Access indicator

  6. Title bar • The bar on top of the window that contains the name of the document.

  7. Menu Bar • A horizontal menu that appears on top of a window. Provides a selection of options related to the Web page.

  8. Tool bar • Icons for single-click access to most commonly used menu commands.

  9. Address bar • Contains the URL, or address, of the active Web page; also where you type the location for the Web page you want to visit.

  10. Go button • Connects you to address displayed in the Address bar. Document Window displays the active Web Page

  11. Status bar • Located at the bottom of the browser; shows the progress of Web page transactions.

  12. Access Indicator • A small picture in the upper right corner of the browser; when animated, it means your browser is accessing data from a remote computer.

  13. Scroll bars • Vertical and horizontal scroll bars; lets you scroll vertically and horizontally if the Web page is too long or too wide to fit within one screen.

  14. Web Protocols • HTML • Hypertext Markup Language • A series of tags that are integrated into text documents and describes how the text should be formatted when a Web browser displays it on the screen. • HTTP • Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Standard that defines how messages are formatted and transmitted. • HTTPS • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure • Formats messages and transmits them securely • Secure Websites • www.bankofamerica.com

  15. What is a search engine? • A tool that lets you find Web pages that match a particular word or phrase. • Examples of search engines: • Bing • Google • Ask • Yahoo

  16. Search Engine Terminology • Search expression • Index • Spiders or bots • Meta tags • Directory • Keyword search • Hyperlink

  17. Research on the Internet • Two basic tools used to find information: • Search engines • Used to search for keywords. • Subject directories • Used to find specialized topics.

  18. Types of Search Engines • Keyword Search • Uses keywords to perform search • Multimedia Search Engines • Used to find graphics, video clips, animation, and MP3 music files. • Meta Search Engines • Search several major search engines at one time. • Dogpile • Subject Directories • Organized by subject categories and displayed in a series of menus.

  19. Tools and Techniques • Phrase Searching • Search Engine Math • Boolean Operators • Wildcard Searching • Title Searching

  20. Phrase Searching • A phrase is entered using double quotation marks and only matches those that appear adjacent to each other and in the order in which you specify. • Example: “baseball cards”

  21. Search Engine Math • Symbols used in formulas to filter out unwanted listings. • Use the plus symbol (+) before words that must appear. • Also known as an inclusion operator. • Use the minus symbol (-) before words that you do not want to appear. • Also known as an exclusion operator.

  22. Boolean Operators • Boolean logic consists of three logical operators: • AND • NOT • OR

  23. Wildcard Searching • The * symbol, called an asterisk, is considered a wildcard character. • Used if you don’t know the spelling of a word • Example: N*Ryan to search for Nolan Ryan • Used to search plurals or variations of words.

  24. Title Searching • Searching the title of a web page. • When a web page author creates a Web page, the Web page generally contains a HTML title.