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BA 101 Introduction to Business

BA 101 Introduction to Business. 10. Employee Motivation, Workforce Trends, and Labor Relations. What Is Motivation?. Needs. Actions. Outcomes. Monetary Rewards. Fair Treatment. Satisfying Work. Work-Life Balance. Workforce Motivation. Theories of Motivation. Frederick W. Taylor

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BA 101 Introduction to Business

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  1. BA 101 Introduction to Business 10. Employee Motivation, Workforce Trends, and Labor Relations

  2. What Is Motivation? Needs Actions Outcomes

  3. Monetary Rewards Fair Treatment Satisfying Work Work-Life Balance Workforce Motivation

  4. Theories of Motivation • Frederick W. Taylor • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory • Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z • Equity Theory • Expectancy Theory

  5. Monetary Rewards Personal Productivity Frederick W. Taylor Scientific Management

  6. Self- Actualization Self-Esteem Needs Social Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy Five Need Categories

  7. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Highly Satisfied Motivation • Achievement • Recognition • Responsibility • Work itself • Personal growth Area of Satisfaction Motivators Influence Satisfaction Level Neither Satisfied Nor Dissatisfied Hygiene Factors • Working conditions • Pay and security • Company policies • Supervisors • Interpersonal relationships Area of Dissatisfaction Hygiene Factors Influence Satisfaction Highly Dissatisfied

  8. Dislike work • Enjoy work • Motivated by threats • Committed to goals • Avoid responsibilities • Accept responsibilities • Value security • Have mental potential McGregor’s Assumptions Theory X Employees Theory Y Employees

  9. Long-Term Employment Consensus-Based Decision Making Individual Responsibility Slow Evaluation and Promotion Informal Control with Formal Measurements Moderate Degree of Career Specialization Holistic Concern for the Individual Ouchi’s Theory Z

  10. Outcomes A Inputs A Outcomes A Inputs A Outcomes A Inputs A Outcomes B Inputs B Outcomes B Inputs B Outcomes B Inputs B < Inequity (Under-Rewarded) = Equity > Inequity (Over-Rewarded) Equity Theory Ratio Comparison* Employee’s Perception *Where A is the employee, and B is a relevant other or referent.

  11. Expectancy Theory Quality of effort put forth depends on. . . …expectations of …and expectations of …attractiveness of rewards relative to Individual Effort Individual Performance Organizational Rewards Individual Goals

  12. Workplace Motivation Strategies Setting Goals Reinforcing Behavior

  13. Management by Objectives Setting Goals 1 Planning Action 2 Implementing Plans 3 Reviewing Performance 4

  14. Reinforcement Theory Behavior Modification Negative Reinforcement Positive Avoid Unpleasant Consequences Obtain Pleasant Consequences

  15. Work-Life Balance Job Enrichment Job Redesign Reduces Specialization Restructures Work Expands Responsibilities Coordinates Skills and Jobs

  16. Workforce Diversity Issues Immigration Gender Age Race Religion Globalization

  17. Flextime Telecommuting Job Sharing Flexible Career Paths Alternative Work Arrangements

  18. Wages and Benefits Working Conditions Job Security Working With Labor Unions

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