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Conflict in the Middle East

Conflict in the Middle East. Why are Israelis and Palestinians fighting each other?. Both claim land in what is now Israel and the occupied territories General cycle: Each time Israel seized land, Palestinians Arabs attacked and the Israelis counterattacked.

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Conflict in the Middle East

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  1. Conflict in the Middle East

  2. Why are Israelis and Palestinians fighting each other? • Both claim land in what is now Israel and the occupied territories • General cycle: Each time Israel seized land, Palestinians Arabs attacked and the Israelis counterattacked. • Israelis usually won militarily (strongly supported by US) and would take more land

  3. Religious claims to land • (Jewish) Israelis believe land of Israel was promised to them • (Muslim) Mohammad Palestinian Arabs who lived in the region for centuries call it Palestine and believe it was promised to them.

  4. Jerusalem-Western Wall

  5. I. Zionist Movement • 1890: Seek Jewish homeland II. WWI A. Land controlled by Ottoman Empire 1. Defeated; lose land B. Land promised 2 both Israelis and Palestinians

  6. III. WWII/Holocaust A. Increased support for Jewish homeland B. 1948: Israel founded on land Palestinian Arabs claimed

  7. IV. Wars A. 1967: 6 Day War 1. Israel takes: Golan Heights from Syria, East Jerusalem and West Bank from Jordan, and Gaza strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt a: REASON: Increase Security

  8. B. 1973: Yom Kippur War 1. Arabs attack Israel on Yom Kippur (Jewish holiday) 2. Arabs fail to get back land *3. Arab oil embargo against US a. US supported Israel C. Wars displaced many Palestinians

  9. V. Palestine Liberation Org (PLO) A. 1960s, led by Yasir Arafat 1. Calls for end of Israel occupation B. Attack Israelis

  10. VI. Seeking Peace A. US, UN push for peace B. 1979, Pres. Carter: Camp David Accords 1. Israel: withdraw from Sinai Peninsula and give it back to Egypt 2. Egypt formally recognize Israel C. 1994: Jordan and Israel enter Peace agreements D. Israel and Syria con’t to fight over Golan Heights

  11. VII. Problems • Palestinians “right to return” to their homes • Israelis settlements in occupied land? • Jerusalem: sacred to Jews, Muslims and Christians • 2000: radical Palestinian group- Hamas increased attacks

  12. VIII. Hope? • US “road map” to peace 2 states: Israel and Democratic Palestine B. 2004: Israeli prime minister starts plan to withdraw troops from Gaza 1. Angered Israelis; didn’t satisfy Palestinians C. 2004: Arafat (Palestinian) assassinated D. Mahumoud Abbas (replaces Arafat) promises to stop Palestinian attacks E. 2005: Israel released hundreds of Palestinian prisoners

  13. Iran-Iraq • Iranian Revolution- Iran A. US/Britian want OIL B. 1951: Mossadeg gains power 1. Nationalizes oil C. 1953: US led CIA coup to put Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi back D. 1979: Iranian Revolution 1. Anti-US/West

  14. II. Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) A. 1979: Saddam Hussein leader of Iraq B. Iraq invades Iran 1. wants $, land, power 2. US supports Iraq 3. Iraq loses

  15. III. 1st Gulf War (Iraq War) 1990-91 A. Iraq invades Kuwait 1. wanted to gain OIL and Persian gulf B. US feel Oil supply is threatened 1. US liberates Kuwait

  16. IV. Islamic Fundamentalism-Al Queda A. Islamic laws should rule 1. US/West out of Middle East B. Al Queda- led by Osama Bin Laden C. Terror as weapon 1. 9/11

  17. V. War in Afghanistan • Taliban-Islamic Fundamentalist- hide Al Queda • US Taliban overthrown/Al Queda out 1. Bin laden free?

  18. VI. Iraq War (NOT part of 9/11) 2003 • US/Britain looking for Weapons of Mass destruction • Saddam Hussein hung • Civil War in Iraq

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