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The Legislative Journey: How a Bill Becomes a Law in the U.S. Congress

This guide outlines the essential steps involved in the legislative process for bills in the U.S. Congress. It covers the initiation of a bill, committee reviews, hearings, debates, and voting procedures. Key concepts such as amendments, mark-ups, and the roles of the House and Senate are addressed, alongside the challenges a bill faces, including committee rejections and vetoes. The document also explains specific terminology like filibuster, cloture, and pocket veto, providing a comprehensive overview of how legislation is crafted and enacted.

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The Legislative Journey: How a Bill Becomes a Law in the U.S. Congress

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  1. How a Bill Becomes a Law Wilson 13 D

  2. Standard Procedure • See pages 348-9 • Draft and introduce • Committee • Hearings • Action • Mark-up • Amendments • Ordered • Calendar • Public report • Debate • Vote • Most die in committee • May be referred to more than one committee • Similar procedures in both houses • Rules committee in the House • Filibuster in the Senate • Reconcile/conference • President • Override

  3. Initiation • President proposes, Congress disposes • Reality is most originates in Congress • Types • Private/public bills • Simple/concurrent/join resolutions • House • Hopper, speaker • Senate • Independent, individual member

  4. Passage • Referrals • Multiple • Sequential • Reporting • Ordered • Discharge petition • Rules • Closed • Open • Restrictive • Bypassing in House • Not in Senate • Procedures • Committee of the Whole • Quorum call • Cloture • Double-tracking • Vote • Voice • Standing • Teller (House only) • Roll call • Electronic counters in House only

  5. Veto • Requires 2/3 vote in each house to override - Cleveland 414 - Pierce/Johnson 50% - FDR 693 - “W” 4/12 = 33% • Pocket veto – held by president until session ends, less than 10 days • Unsigned – held by president for more than 10 days, becomes law • Signed – immediately becomes law

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