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Classification History

Classification History. Classification History. Taxonomy : Branch of biology that groups all life according to their characteristics and history All life on earth is placed into 1 of 6 kingdoms: Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia. prokaryotes. eukaryotes. Plantae.

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Classification History

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  1. Classification History

  2. Classification History • Taxonomy: Branch of biology that groups all life according to their characteristics and history • All life on earth is placed into 1 of 6 kingdoms: • Bacteria • Archaea • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia prokaryotes eukaryotes

  3. Plantae Animalia Protista Archaea Monera Bacteria Fungi Where did it all start? Classification is always a work in progress • Until 1866: only two kingdoms,Animalia and Plantae • 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista • 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera • 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom • 1977: kingdom Monerasplit into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea

  4. The 6 kingdoms are classified into domains • The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. • Domains are above the kingdom level • Domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity From here, we will focus on the kingdoms, but don’t forget about the DOMAINS!

  5. Carolus Linnaeus • Developed classification system based on physical features • Many rules still used today • Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names • 1st word: Genus (broad) • 2nd word: Species (specific) • Example: House cat • Genus: Felis (cougars, lions, tigers, cheetahs, etc…) • Species: catus Swedish Botanist

  6. Binomial Format • When Writing: • Genus Capitalized • species lowercase • Underlined entirely Ex: Homo sapiens • When Typing: • Same, except use italics (instead of underlining) Ex: Homo sapiens Canis lupis Tyto alba Quercus alba

  7. Oh Looney Toons!

  8. Oh Looney Toons!

  9. Taxa • Defined: A group of organisms in a classification system. • 7 individual levels (taxa) used to classify organisms Kingdom (broadest) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (specific) • Allows relationships to be clearly seen Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Surfaces

  10. Kingdom Phylum Cheetah Classification Class Order Family Genus Species

  11. Kingdom Phylum Red Wolf Classification Class Order Family Genus Species

  12. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Human Classification Genus Species

  13. Killer whale classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  14. The more levels in common...the more related the species.

  15. Quick Question: Which two organisms are most related to one another? Killer Whale K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Cetacea F = Delphinidae G = Orcinus S = orca Red Wolf K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Carnivora F = Canidae G = Canis S = vulpes Polar Bear K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Carnivora F = Ursidae G = Ursus S = arctos

  16. Using a dichotomous key What is this item?

  17. Using a dichotomous key What is this item?

  18. Who created the classification system used today What is it based on? Name the 6 kingdoms of life. Which kingdom(s) are prokaryotic? Which kingdom(s) may be unicellular? Which kingdom(s) are bacteria? Which two taxa make up an organism’s binomial name? What happened to kingdom Monera? Place the 7 levels of taxonomy in order from largest to smallest. Name the 7 human taxa, from largest to smallest. Review

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