1 / 35

The Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine. 12 March 1947 : Truman  Congress; Greece & Turkey need aid Communist victory in the Eastern Mediterranean could mean Soviet domination of the Middle East

ornice
Télécharger la présentation

The Truman Doctrine

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Truman Doctrine • 12 March 1947: Truman  Congress; Greece & Turkey need aid • Communist victory in the Eastern Mediterranean could mean Soviet domination of the Middle East • Truman declared that the US should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by “armed minorities” or “outside pressures”  • The Truman Doctrine

  2. The Truman Doctrine (cont’d) • $400 million approved • Ended policy of post-war cutbacks • Suggested new level of confrontation with the Soviets • Truman built a national consensus that fighting communism was the purpose of containment

  3. Significance of the Truman Doctrine • One of the declarations of Cold War • Point at which the Truman administration & Congress made public the decision that Communism was a great threat

  4. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan - Go to http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war8.htm

  5. Postwar Europe • Economic chaos  high unemployment, active black markets, thefts • Millions in refugee camps • 1946-1947 winter: bitterest in centuries; below-zero temperatures & record snow • Damaged crops; froze rivers which prevented water transport (creates fuel shortages); food rationing in UK

  6. The Marshall Plan (June 1947) • US Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US provide aid to all European nations that needed it • Move directed, “not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, desperation, and chaos.” • Recipients had to remove trade barriers and cooperate economically with each other

  7. Other Goals of the Marshall Plan • 1) It could act as a barrier to Soviet expansion • 2) Pull Eastern Europe out of the Soviet bloc • 3) Integrate Germany and contain it

  8. Marshall Plan Approved • Many resist giving away billions of dollars • February 25, 1948communist coup in Czechoslovakia (backed by Moscow) • Coup convinced Congress of the need strong, stable governments in Europe to resist communism • $12 billion over 4 years to 16 countries

  9. The Marshall Plan

  10. Significance of the Marshall Plan • Great success economically & politically • Nutrition improved and industry grew • 1952: Western Europe was flourishing • The threat of communist parties taking over was ended • USSR sees plan as a lure to Eastern Europe to “be like us”

  11. II. The First Cold War1948-1953 • West & USSR clash over German reunification • Desire a productive Germany for European stability • June 1948:US, UK, & France fuse occupied zones into one • Want to encourage the political unity of Berlin

  12. The Berlin Blockade (June 1948-May 1949) • USSR fear block all road, rail, & river traffic to Berlin • Stalin believed the Western powers would give up the idea of a unified Germany or surrender control of Berlin • US & UK Response: 11 month Berlin Airlift • US prestige increases; USSR prestige declines

  13. The Berlin Blockade - Go to http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war9.htm

  14. China from 1912-1949 Yuan Shikai(left) and Sun Yat-sen(right) with flags representing the early republic

  15. Wade-Giles &Pinyin transliteration • Nationalists (Kuomintang - KMT) also the Guomindang – GMD • Chiang Kai-shek- Jiang Jieshi • Mao Tse-tung – Mao Zedong

  16. Imperialism & Civil War In China • I. The Early Republic (1912-1916) • Western style democracy • Sun Yat-sen(President); powerless govt.; Allied Power in WWI • II. Era of the Warlords (1916-1927) • Popular anger over Versailles; disillusionment w/West & democracy • Sun Yat-sen dies 1925; Chiang Kai-shek • Joint Nationalist/Communist efforts to destroy warlords

  17. Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

  18. Civil War In China • III. From the White Terror to the YananSoviet (1927-1937) • White Terror, 1927 • Nationalists (Kuomintang - KMT) vs. Communists • Mao Tse-tung • The Long March, 1934-1935 • IV. Nationalist China (1937-1945) • Japanese invasion 1937 • Nationalist/Communist cooperation

  19. Mao Tse-tung

  20. Civil War In China • V. The Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) • Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalists) • Mao Tse-tung(Communists) • Mao & Communist forces victorious 1949 • Nationalists had lost popular support since they rarely engaged the Japanese armies during WW2 – peasants also favored Mao’s promise of land reform • Nationalists (Chiang) flee to Taiwan

  21. Chinese Civil War, 1945-49

  22. Mao Tse-tungproclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

  23. The Cold War Spreads to Asia • The “Loss” of China: • Republicans blame the Democrats for this: • Insufficient US aid to Chiang • Treachery within the State Department • Democrats & Truman: • Chiang never “had” China to lose • Chiang had no popular support – outside support no substitute

  24. The “Loss” of China (cont’d) • Many Americans believe the “treachery” & “loss” theories • Chinese Nationalists (UN) warn of the spread of Communism throughout Asia • Korean War in the summer of 1950 caused many Americans to believe this

  25. The US Prepares to Confront the Soviet Union

  26. National Security Act of 1947 • Created the Department of Defense (army, navy, air force) • Joint Chiefs of Staff • NSC (National Security Council) established to advise the president on security matters • CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) created to coordinate the government’s foreign fact-gathering

  27. The Pentagon • Home of the Department of Defense

  28. NSC-68 • NSC memorandum from 1950 • Said US should quadruple defense spending • Resurrected by the Korean crisis • Truman: $50 billion per year; 3.5 million men under arms • Marked the militarization of US foreign policy • Move from “containment” to “roll-back” • objective: stop the Soviets from imposing absolute authority over the rest of the world

  29. The Atomic Arms Race • US was the only nation with the A-bomb • Soviet spies help USSR develop the bomb by 1949 • Truman approves the development of the H-bomb • 1952 – US explodes 1st H-Bomb (Ivy Mike) • 1953 – USSR explodes 1st H-Bomb • Peace through mutual terror

  30. Ivy Mike Hydrogen Device

  31. Ivy Mike (10.4 mT, Eniwetok, Oct. 31, 1952)

  32. RDS-6 “Joe 4” (400 kT August 12, 1953)

  33. The Korean War - Go to http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war10.htm

More Related