Response to the Truman Doctrine

1. Response to the Truman Doctrine

2. Communist Expansion • losing in Indochina • Soviets taking over Eastern Europe • North Korea influenced by Russia • Russian supported Civil War • Russian attempts to influence communism in Turkey and Greece • There was widespread fear of the Soviets becoming the world dominating power and communism becoming the world dominating government. • Some people not convinced, though. • Walter Lippmann French Chinese

3. Takeover of Eastern Europe • Most important countries to Russia were Poland and East Germany • Why Poland? • East Germany was neglected by Russia • Took jobs and resources • Discriminated against the Germans • Killed Germans in an uprising in 1953 • Hundreds dead • Stalin crushed all Polish resistance • Allowed soldiers to annihilate Poles before the end of WWII • killed many pro-democratic supporters • Allowed the Russians to set up a communist state German Germans

4. Takeover Continued • Poland eventually given leeway • After Stalin died • Poland remained communist, but Russia gave in to some Polish demands • Czechoslovakia was democratic • Russians helped a communist uprising take power • Military aided the Czechs • Hungary communists also won power with the backing of Russia • The Hungarians eventually revolted after death • Free elections were won, and a democratic government was implemented Stalin’s

5. Unfortunately for Hungary • Western democracies left Hungary out to dry • Did not come to Hungary’s aid. • Russia returned with a full military force and crushed the Hungarian Revolution • Many thousands of Hungarians were killed • Thousands more left Hungary

6. The Balkan States of Europe • never fought Russia in WWII • They were invaded by Russia afterwards • Spared many deaths, though • Relatively pro-Russian people • Communists easily entered government by murdering opposition • Romania did not fare well • Romanians had fought Russians in WWII • They border Russia • Stalin forced out King • PetruGroza was the new implemented leader • Elections thereafter were rigged Bulgaria Michael

7. Yugoslavia • Yugoslavia became communist in 1944 and did not border Russia • Yugoslavia was relatively powerful • Stalin initially allied with Yugoslavia, but then backed out because communism differed • Yugoslavia was too close to Russia to be friends • Tito sought friends with the West • Aid started flowing to Yugoslavia from the U.S. Tito’s

9. Berlin Blockade • Stalin wanted to control all of Germany • He was looking for a way to get rid of the western democracies from Berlin • Stalin attempted to starve the people of Berlin by cutting off the supply route • He hoped we would not be willing to support Berlin • We did by air for over a year from June 1948-September 1949 • were fed and kept clothed • Stalin decided to undo the blockade after he saw it was a failure • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqHqsYiUEwY Millions

10. NATO • The west feared the Russian expansion • Afraid Russia would invade western Europe • Berlin Blockade and communist expansion led to the creation of NATO • Great Britain, U.S., France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Canada • All agreed to protect each other in the event of war • NATO still exists All of this is in addition to the United Nations North Atlantic Treaty Organization

11. NATO • Page: 720 • NATO nations vs. Warsaw Pact Nations • What is the Warsaw Pact? • Why is Yugoslavia brown?

12. Warsaw Pact • In response to the formation of NATO • A communist military alliance • For protection if attacked • Signed in Warsaw, . • Consisted of the following Nations: • U.S.S.R., Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and East Germany Do you think the Russians would have gotten a great deal of support from these nations if attacked? Poland

13. Nuclear Weapons • We were the only nation to have nuclear weapons • Russians were very good at espionage, though • Stalin was informed of an imminent German before the Germans attacked • Stalin did not believe his spies at this time • Stalin knew the Japanese were going to war with the U.S. instead of Russia • Russian spies in caught news of the Manhattan Project • The Russians sent spies • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • Juilus worked as an engineer in Los Alamos attack England

14. Stealing the Secrets • Rosenberg would regularly call Moscow and pass on secrets • Rosenberg was an • Rosenberg had experience spying on and stealing technology • Truman told Stalin of our new bomb in order to intimidate him before it was used in 1945 • Stalin never flinched because he already knew about it • In 1949, the world was shocked when the Soviet Union exploded their atomic bomb • Some thought the world was doomed • Doomsday Clock American industrial

15. Raising the Stakes • The U.S. set out to build a bigger bomb • Fusion instead of fission • Over 1,000 times more powerful than the bombs on Japan • The U.S. exploded the new bomb in 1952 • The Russians soon followed with their own • Both sides began building up their arsenals and started an arms race • The world feared nuclear destruction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iy_72yGCuwI