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The Road to the Truman Doctrine and Containment Policy

The Road to the Truman Doctrine and Containment Policy. What events lead to the US Cold War policy?. What we know. Issues after WW2: decision making between Big 3 bad (distrust) How to fix Germany How to rehabilitate Europe Goals and Plans for USA and USSR:

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The Road to the Truman Doctrine and Containment Policy

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  1. The Road to the Truman Doctrine and Containment Policy What events lead to the US Cold War policy?

  2. What we know • Issues after WW2: • decision making between Big 3 bad (distrust) • How to fix Germany • How to rehabilitate Europe • Goals and Plans for USA and USSR: • USSR: spread strength through communism • USA: start trade with Germany and Europe to foster democracy • General policies USA made to help

  3. What we will learn Specific events that led to those Cold War policies of Containment How closely the US and USSR were to combat How relative the Truman Doctrine was through later years

  4. 1946 – George Kennan Long Telegram Russians fear the western democratic world, they will never compromise with the US “..a long term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.”

  5. 1946 – Status of Containment Policy Russia already occupying Eastern European Countries from WW2, won’t leave We don’t want Russia to expand further, so we will stick with containment policy. BUT, not yet an outlined policy of the US. Soviets see no legitimate threat to their ideas expansion

  6. 1946 – First Tensions Based on known goals, what do you think happened between the US and Russia in Iran?

  7. Reality - Crisis in Iran USA and Soviet Union occupied Iran oil line during WW2 After WW2, Soviets don’t leave. Soviets form small Communist Gov’t in Iran US demands Soviet withdrawal US warship in Mediterranean pressures Soviets to leave

  8. 1946 Still no lasting policy of containment established !

  9. 1946 - Greece Purple shows pockets of communist guerilla groups in Greece Based on what we know about Sattelite nations, what was the worry here? What happened?

  10. 1947 – Reality in Greece Communist ideas, leaders gaining power in Grease Guerilla warfare results US speaks out helps TRUMAN DOCTRINE! (aka containment) “support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”

  11. 1947 – Berlin Blockade and Airlift • Already happening: • Berlin has different occupation zones • US, USSR have different ideas for own zones • Militaries present • Extremely close geographically (border each other) • Next: US, GB, France decide to unite their zones and make West Berlin part of new republic. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ30Rgc5Prc (:06- 1:35) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GoIL9gVonQ

  12. 1947 – Result of Truman Doctrine and Berlin Airlift US Fearful of Communism and Soviets! Soviets know what to expect

  13. What events put the containment policy to the test during Cold War?

  14. China 1920’s Communists forces feud with Chinese Government During WW2, they put aside differences to protect themselves against Japan After WW2, feuding continues and US sends financial aid Communists takeover and those against communism flee to Taiwan

  15. China We know the goals of both the US and USSR Predict: Now that China is lead by a communist government, what happens next?

  16. Answer: • Chinese Government makes a treaty of friendship and alliance with the USSR • To make matters worse, Soviets say they tested atomic bomb

  17. Japan We know Japan lost WW2 in the Pacific to the US. Due to mass amount of destruction, they are a developing nation. Predict: What happens to the future leadership in Japan?

  18. Answer: • US attempts to restructure Japan to be democratic • Similar to goals for West Germany

  19. Korea At the end of the war, the Allies (US and USSR) occupy Korea to disarm the Japanese. Based on what we know about their goals after the war, what happened in Korea?

  20. Korea Soviets supply military aid to new N. Korean army 1950 N. Korean troops invade South Korea What does this mean for the US, given the recent Truman Doctrine?

  21. US enters the Korean War General MacArthur US, with pledge of UN soldiers, calls for troops in Japan to be sent to Korea

  22. Korean War – Video Clip http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=korean+war Stop at 6:50 Why did the US enter the Korean War? Who did Truman asks for a declaration of war? Who would lead the US in Korea? Why was MacArthur’s request for an atomic bomb on China refused? How did Truman want the war to end? Why did Truman fire MacArthur?

  23. Status during Korean War • New Presidential Election Approaching • Americans want change in Cold War • China now communist • Soviets test atomic bomb • American troops in Korea • Are Truman’s policies working?

  24. Eisenhower Elected President Leader of D-Day Invasion Americans thought he would lead us onto path toward winning Cold War Election was a landslide win

  25. End of Korean War • Eisenhower hints about use of atomic weapons • Signed armistice – stop fighting • Demilitarized zone near38th parallel

  26. Plans for Cold War • Massive Retaliation • Threaten use of nuclear weapons • Build up nuclear force • More bang for your buck (more weapon for less $) • Brinkmanship • Willingness to go to Brink of War • Hope to force opponent to back down

  27. Plans for Cold War CIA Covert Operations To prevent communist uprisings in other countries in developing nations What are some disadvantages to this strategy?

  28. Suez Crisis US wants to prevent Middle East from aligning with Soviets Plan: fund a damn on Nile River Issue: Egypt buys weapons from Communists, moves British and French companies out Predict: British and French invade Egypt and Soviet Union threatens use of rocket attacks. How does US respond?

  29. Result Eisenhower threatens use of force US urges British and French withdrawal, and they do Arab nations begin accepting Soviet aid

  30. Eisenhower Doctrine Due to threat of communism in Middle East Use military if necessary to protect those resisting communism Extended Truman Doctrine to Middle East for the future

  31. The Future of the Cold War Massive Retaliation/ Nuclear Weapon build up Brinkmanship (intimidate opponents) Covert Operations Eisenhower Doctrine

  32. Fears in America POWER WRITE! We have seen the development of containment and how many crisis there were between the US and communist threats. With such outlined policies and knowledge of no future compromise, what fears would everyday Americans have during this time? Think of threats to politics, economics, and militaries!

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