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TOPIC : Heat AIM : How do substances change from one phase to another?

TOPIC : Heat AIM : How do substances change from one phase to another?. States (phases) of matter. 1. SOLID Molecules packed closely together Vibrate in place. Definite volume & shape. 2. LIQUID Molecules farther apart & move around. Definite volume No definite shape. 3. GAS

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TOPIC : Heat AIM : How do substances change from one phase to another?

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  1. TOPIC: HeatAIM: How do substances change from one phase to another?

  2. States (phases) of matter 1. SOLID Molecules packed closely together Vibrate in place

  3. Definite volume & shape

  4. 2. LIQUID • Molecules farther apart & move around

  5. Definite volume • No definite shape

  6. 3. GAS • Molecules very far apart & move around very fast • A lot of empty space (smaller density)

  7. No definite shape or volume

  8. 4. PLASMA • High energy molecules • Sun, stars, lightening, fluorescent & neon lights

  9. Can you find the different phases of matter in this picture?

  10. 2 types of changes 1. Physical change Phase change Does not produce a new substance (change in appearance)

  11. Examples: freezing, melting, evaporation, tearing, crushing

  12. 2.Chemical Change Produces a NEW substance Examples: burning, rusting

  13. Paper  ash, smoke, heat

  14. Iron + oxygen  iron oxide (rust)

  15. Raw egg  cooked egg Cake batter  Cake

  16. Sodium + Chlorine NaCl = Sodium Chloride (salt)

  17. Phase change Physical change Requires heat energy

  18. Phase Changes

  19. Freezing Liquid  Solid Heat removed

  20. Melting Solid  Liquid Heat added

  21. Evaporation Liquid  Gas Heat added Vaporization

  22. Condensation Gas  Liquid Heat removed

  23. Opposite of evaporation

  24. Sublimation Solid  Gas Heat added Example: Dry ice (solid CO2  gas)

  25. Solid Gas

  26. Example: Iodine crystals  gas (slightly above room temp) Gas Crystals

  27. PHASE CHANGES Add heat  Energy absorbed by molecules Melting SL Evaporation LG GAS SOLID LIQUID Freezing LS Condensation GL Remove heat Energy released by molecules

  28. Freezing point Temp at which a liquid freezes (LS) FP of water = 0°C

  29. Melting point Temp at which a substance melts (SL) MP of water = 0°C

  30. Freezing Pt = Melting Pt

  31. Boiling point Temp at which a substance evaporates (LG) BP of water = 100°C

  32. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid (left). When a liquid boils, gas bubbles form throughout the liquid and then rise out of the liquid (right).

  33. Temp of a substance during phase change Stays the same until all of the substance has changed Why? Bc the energy is needed to change the substance, not the temperature

  34. When water reaches its boiling point, it stays at 100°C until it all changes to steam. Them temperature of the steam can then rise above 100°C.

  35. PHASE CHANGE GRAPH FOR WATER GAS Condensation Boiling pt = 100°C 100°C Evaporation T E M P LIQUID Freezing 0°C Freezing/melting point = 0°C Melting SOLID = phase changes Time

  36. What is a mixture? 2 or more substances put together No new substances (not chemically combined) Ex: salt water, salad…

  37. Can be separated • (Boiling, magnets, Filtering…)

  38. What is a solution? Type of mixture 1 substance dissolved in another

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