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Converging Cultures

Converging Cultures. Native American Cultures; chapter 1, Section 2. The Southwest. Descendants of the Anasazi and Hohokam Zuni, Hopi, and other Pueblo people Depended on corn to survive Matrilineal society– culture passed through the mother Work was different for men and women

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Converging Cultures

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  1. Converging Cultures Native American Cultures; chapter 1, Section 2

  2. The Southwest • Descendants of the Anasazi and Hohokam • Zuni, Hopi, and other Pueblo people • Depended on corn to survive • Matrilinealsociety– culture passed through the mother • Work was different for men and women • Around the 1500s, Apache and Navajo moved to the southwest

  3. The Pacific Coast • Tlingit, Haida, Kwakiutls, Nooktas, Chinook, and Salish groups • Lands bordering Pacific Ocean from SE Alaska to Washington • Dwelt in permanent settlements– No agriculture • Lumber– Homes, canoes, totem poles, etc.

  4. Inland Northwest Groups • Between Cascade and Rocky Mountains • Nez Perce, Yakima, et al • Fished, hunted deer, gathered roots and berries • Between Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains– drier climate • Ute, Shoshone • Nomadic life– food often scarce, land too arid for farming • Central California • Pomo, etc. • Abundant wildlife, mild climate

  5. The Great Plains • Nomadic when Europeans arrived • However, until 1500, peoples practiced agriculture– influenced by Hopewell and Mississippian • Some in the east (Pawnee, Kansas, Iowa, et al) continued to farm • Western plains (Sioux, et al) followed buffalo and lived in tepees • Life changed with taming of horses • Eventually the Sioux became great mounted hunters and warriors • Sioux warriors took scalps of enemies • “Counting Coup”

  6. The Far North • Two main groups– Inuit and Aleut • Inuit– Across the Arctic from Alaska to Greenland • Aleut– Alaska’s Aleutian Islands • Hunting important– seal, walrus, whale, polar bears, caribou, musk oxen, etc. • Developed tools to cope with the harsh environment • Harpoon, kayak, dogsled, spiked boots, goggles • Only Native Americans to develop lamps • Lived in groups spaced widely apart

  7. The Eastern Woodlands EasT OF the Mississippi and south of the Great lakes

  8. Peoples of the Northeast • Most peoples divided into two major language groups • Algonquian • Iroquoian • Algonquian-speaking peoples– Among the first to encounter English settlers • New England– Wampanoag (Massachusetts), Narragansett (Rhode Island), Pequot (Connecticut) • Virginia– Powhatan Confederacy • Delaware– near Delaware River • Shawnee– Ohio River valley

  9. Peoples of the Northeast (ctnd) • Iroquoian-speaking peoples • West from Hudson River across New York and southern Ontario and North to Georgian Bay • Huron, Neutral, Erie, Wenro, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, et al • Slash and burn agriculture-- Worked nitrogen into the soil • Longhouses and wigwams • Iroquois League • Five Iroquois Nations– Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk • Peace-maintaining alliance

  10. Peoples of the Southeast • Most of these people lived in towns • Arranged around a central plaza; surrounded by stockades • Women farmed, men hunted deer, bear, fowl, and alligator • Cherokee– largest group • North Carolina and East Tennessee • Other groups include: • Choctaw, Chickasaw, Natchez, and Creek • Creek lived in Georgia and Alabama

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