Africa – Pre 1914

1. Africa – Pre 1914 A Colony for everyone

2. The last great African Tribe - Zulus • Began with rise of Shaka Zulu (1816-1828) • He organized and consolidated power among individual families of the Zulu Nations. • This organization gave leaders, like Shaka Zulu, to increase their authority, increase their tax base, and lastly increase military strength. • Shaka recruited young men from his region, and trained them in his fighting style. • He used his well trained soldiers to start a brutal campaign of conquest throughout the region. • This represented the high point of Zulu influence and power.

3. Video #1

4. Video #2

5. Video 3

6. Zulu #4

7. Location of the Empire

8. The British Arrive • The Expansion of the Zulu Empire led to its clash with the English, Boers, a group that had a colony in Capetown, one of the British Empire’s most important colony. • This led to violent battles between the Zulu and Boers. Called the Anglo-Zulu War (1878) • The Zulu’s were the toughest battle for the British Army, losing up to 1,000 soldiers at the battle of Isandlawa. Even though the Zulu’s were well trained and powerful, they were not powerful to defeat the mightiest British Army. • The Zulus lost and by 1898, the Zulu Nation was considered a colony of the British Empire.

9. European exploitation • Due to the industrial revolution, Europe was in need of cheap raw materials for their factories. • Africa was decades behind in the development of weapons, and were easy targets for exploitation. • Between 1878 and 1898, European countries had cut up all of Africa and split in amongst themselves.

10. Scramble for Africa • Referred to as the scramble for Africa, countries quickly pushed their way into the continent, and attempted to take over as quickly as possible. • Relying on the policy of “Effective Occupation” developed at the Berlin Conference, Countries set up military occupations to deter other European countries from entering. • Instead of fighting over territory the European countries simply moved on to the next open spot, cutting it up like a pizza.

12. European Control • Control varied. • Due to limited resources, many areas were simply controlled by proxy. • Other areas, like South Africa feature complete control. • Control was usually in the areas were European colonist already existed, or Europe felt could be colonized by white settlers.