1. Sustainable Development Communications NetworkEnhancing International Cooperation on BiomassPRESENTED BY: DR CLIVE RICHARDSON Vienna, 11-13 May 2005

2. JATROPHA CURCAS“THE POWER PLANT”

3. Main Distribution regions- of Jatropha Curcas

4. Renewable energy for a sustainable future

6. 1. Agro -forestry Certified seeds Tissue culture Truncheons Developed into Certified D1 JCL seedlings, grown & seeds harvested 3. D1 20 processing plant converts oil to D1 BioDiesel to the standard of En14214 2. Crushing Plant Seed is taken to the depot Where oil is extracted – D1 Tech Oil – Seed cake Seedcake - processed into Organic fertilizer – Power

7. India

8. Egypt - Luxury

9. Egypt - Luxury

10. South Africa

11. Nepal

12. Philippines

13. REFINING VEGETABLE OIL EARTH BIODIESEL ENGINE OIL SALES An earth to engine strategy: SEED • Jatropha from which Bio Diesel is produced is an indigenous species in many countries, planted once every 30 years, estimated 250k tonnes already produced today with climatic conditions ideal for further development. • Feedstock of choice: high oil yield, fast growing, non-edible, durable, long production life, profitable by-products. • Ensure quality and supply of seed. • Replicate optimum yielding plants via micro propagation (MP) for specific areas.

14. REFINING VEGETABLE OIL EARTH BIODIESEL ENGINE OIL SALES An earth to engine strategy: YIELD • D1 Oils Jatropha nuts yield an average of 40% crude non-edible vegetable oil • Jatropha less dependent on climate and soil conditions than other energy crops • Fast and sustainable propagation – Jatropha trees bearing nuts within 18 months and productive for 30 years • Capable of both intercrop and boundary planting, on non prime land creating flexible supply of potential land sites • Planting, cultivating and harvesting provides significant new employment for rural communities

15. REFINING VEGETABLE OIL EARTH BIODIESEL ENGINE OIL SALES An earth to engine strategy: ENGINE • Car and heavy vehicle manufacturers such as Audi, Daimler Chrysler and Volvo make models that accept pure bio diesel without modification to the engine • All modern diesel cars can run on blended fuel without engine modifications, so can lorries, trains, public service vehicles and plant machinery

16. Current global bio diesel production is 1.3 million tonnes growing at 14% per year and predicted to reach 2.7 million tonnes by 2010 • Bio fuel policies recommending bio dieselblends should create 7.2 million tonnes of demand by 2010 • A production gap of 4.5 million tonnes is currently predicted by 2010 • D1’s approach to this opportunity involves: • Securing the feedstock supply chain • Introducing modular refining technology • Guaranteeing domestic markets for bio diesel distribution • Guaranteeing export markets for crude vegetable oils Security of Supply Emissions Reductions(Kyoto Protocol) Bio diesel market drivers Foreign Government Policies (Clean air acts) Consumer and Industrial demand The Growing Bio diesel Market faces a shortage of Energy crops

17. SALIENT FEATURES OF JATROPHA • Perennial hardy shrub, drought resistant and survives well in arid and semi arid tropics. • Grows well in all types of soil and even in poor, marginal and degraded waste lands. • Easy to cultivate & propagate. • Not browsed by cattle, no major pest & diseases.

18. ECONOMIC FEATURES OF JATROPHA • Cost effective, renewable and environmentally safe bio fuel. • Jatropha removes carbon from atmosphere. • Jatropha oil cake contains high nutritive value and used as manure. Also has insecticidal properties. • Bi-products: Glycerol - used for various downstream products

19. TARGET OUTPUT PER HECTARE • 1000 trees per acre produces : Seed - 5 Tones Seed cake - 3 Tones Vegetable Oil - 2 Tones Glycerol - 0.2 Tones • Estimated Bio Diesel production per acre is 2,200 litres • Potential yields of 6 tonnes per acre and 55% oil Extraction are attainable

20. Measurements of Growth Parameters Collar Girth Leaf Area Root Length D1 PDC recommended seed treatment practices Humidified seeds Scarified seeds Rinsing with tap water 16 hours humidification (2 N HCL)

21. DESCRIPTION DATA REMARKS Number of bunches /plant 750 bunches Potential No of fruits per bunch 10 fruits “ No of fruits per plant 7500 fruits “ On an average of 5 fruits per bunch (750 x 5) 3750 fruits Average No of seeds per fruit 3 seeds Average No of seeds out of 3750 fruits (3750 x3) 11250 seeds Average No of seeds per kilogram 1200 seeds/kg “ Seed Yield per plant in kg (1/1200 x 11250) 9 kg “ No of plants per acre 1200 to 1500 a) if (2mx2.0m=1200) (1200 x 9) 10.08 mt b) if (2mx1.5m=1500) (1500 x 9) 13.50 mt c) if (2mx1.0m=2000) (2000 x 9) 18.00 mt

22. Factors effecting the deteriorationof Jatropha seeds Seeds Physical Biological Chemical • Storage container • Place of storage • Method of storage • Seed chemistry • Presence of natural • anti oxidants • Seed moisture content • Micobial load • Type of microorganisms

23. These pests can be effectively controlled by bio pesticides Fruit borer Calidea bug Mite infestation Leaf webber Weaver caterpillar Achaea janata

24. These diseases can be effectively controlled by bio fungicides Root rot symptoms Collar rot symptoms Cercospora leaf spot

25. POST HARVEST SEED MAINTENANCE • Screening of seeds and removing infected and discolored seeds before storage • Packing in Dry and disinfected (Malathion) bags • Maintaining a moisture content of less than 8% • Using synthetic antioxidants like BHA-Butyrated hydroxy anisole or BHT- Butyrated hydroxy toluene if needed • Post harvest pest management- use of botanics- Nochi (Vitax negundo) leaf powder @5% • Preventing microbial lipase activity • Storing the seeds in dry and cool place • Periodical seed inspection to detect fungal infection

26. Crude oil (Removal of FFA, Gums & Waxes) Raw material for soap industry Transesterification Bio diesel Glycerin Fuel Pharmaceutical Food processing Explosives Paint industry Lubricant Defrosting Runways/ Roadways Jatropha curcas and its potentials WHOLE PLANT FRUITS LEAVES BARK Anti inflammatory agents Silviculture Tannins Dyes • Erosion control • As a hedge • Shelter plant for other crops • Rodent repellant • Sap: Medicinal uses Fuel, mulch and biogas SEEDS SHELL HULL • ACTIVATED CARBON • Water purification • Pollution control • Molecular sieves • Pharmaceutical KERNELS • Kernels (Defatted protein) • Water purification • Effluent procesing • Pharmaceutical • Food processing • Textiles • Petrochemical • Steel industry • Nuclear power stations • Dye industry • Desalinisation Crude Oil Biodiesel - Lubricant Illumination - Phorbolesters: Edible oil Bio pesticides Soap production (Kill vector snails Other cosmetics of Schistosomiasis) Rodenticde Medicinal uses • Seed cake or expeller • Animal feed • (protein supplement) • Organic fertilizer • Rodent repellant

27. Renewable CO2 Environmental benefits of Bio-Diesel – Pertro-Diesel Oil Crops Used in Automobiles

28. Preparation and review of the Project • Project Idea Note • Project Concept Note • Project Concept Document (or equivalent) Project completion 3 months up to 21 years Periodic verification & certification Baseline Study and Monitoring and Verification Plan (MVP) 2 months • Verification report • Supervision report • Project Design Document • Baseline study and ER projections • Monitoring and Verification Plan 1 up to 3 years 2 months Validation process • Validation protocol and report Construction and start up • Initial verification report 3 months Negotiation of Project agreements • Project Appraisal and related documentation • Term sheet • Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement • Host Country Agreement or equivalent Project Documentation

29. CER’s Project Cycle Project design: identification, preparation, review Baseline Study, Monitoring Plan Validation Report and Opinion Negotiations of purchase agreement Project Implementation and Initial Verification Production of ERs and monitoring Periodic verification & certification of ERs PCF payments for ERs to Project Entity Transfer ERs to Participants accounts

30. Dr. Clive Richardson D1 Oils plc 100 Pall Mall London SW1Y 5HP www.d1plc.com