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Ecosystems

Ecosystems. Ecosystems. Ecosystems. All the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts in an area. Three types of Ecosystems: Marine Freshwater Terrestrial. Habitat. Place in an ecosystem where an organism lives. Marine. High salt content

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Ecosystems

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  1. Ecosystems Ecosystems

  2. Ecosystems • All the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts in an area. • Three types of Ecosystems: • Marine • Freshwater • Terrestrial

  3. Habitat • Place in an ecosystem where an organism lives.

  4. Marine • High salt content • Examples: oceans, salt marsh, and intertidal ecology, estuaries, and lagoons, mangroves and coral reefs, the deep sea and sea floor. • Organisms include: algae, jellyfish, sharks, sea turtles, etc.

  5. Freshwater • Low salt content • They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams, and springs and wetlands. • Organisms include: otters, alligators, shrimp etc.

  6. Terrestrial • On land • Examples: deserts, plains, prairies • Organisms include: humans, etc.

  7. Dependence • An organisms need for survival • Examples: quantity of light, water, range of temperature, soil competition

  8. Competition • Occurs when more than one individual or population tries to make use of the same limited resource. • Example: food, water, sunlight, space

  9. Quantity of Light • Plants need sunlight. • In some areas, plants must compete to reach sunlight. • It changes the way plants grow, and they must adapt to the amount of sunlight they are able to receive.

  10. Available Water • Both plants and animals compete for available water. • Some plants and animals have adapted to store water for long periods of time.

  11. Range of Temperatures • Plants and animals must find ways to survive in extreme climates. • The search for food and shelter in these extremes can create competition.

  12. Soil Composition • The type of soil in any area affects the plants which will grow there. • The type of vegetation in an area will also affect which animals will be able to live there.

  13. What are some things that you compete for in order to survive?

  14. What are some things that you depend on for survival?

  15. Food Chains and Food Webs Food Chains and Food Webs

  16. Food Chains • Path of food energy from the sun to the producer to a series of consumers in an ecosystem.

  17. Food Web • In an ecosystem, arrangement of several overlapping food chains

  18. Members of Ecosystems Members of ecosystems

  19. Producers • Make their own food • Example: plants

  20. Consumers • Feed on other organisms • Examples: humans • 3 types: • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  21. Decomposers • Breaks down dead organisms and waste, returning important nutrients to the environment. • Examples: bacteria and fungus

  22. Sample Food Web

  23. Relationships Symbiosis

  24. Symbiosis • A close relationship between 2 species.

  25. Mutualism • Both species benefit.

  26. Commensalism • One species benefits and the other is not affected.

  27. Parasitism • One species benefits and the other is harmed.

  28. Producer/Consumer • One species is able to make its own food while the other must eat the producers or other consumers to survive. -Example: wild berry bush and brown bear

  29. Predator/Prey • One species benefits at the expense of the other • Example: hunter and hunted!

  30. Parasite/Host • One species benefits while the other is harmed. -Example: tick and dog

  31. Environmental changes

  32. Environmental changes • Any change in the environment • Temperature, water and food supply, etc.

  33. Climate Change Effects • birds lay eggs earlier in the year than usual • plants bloom earlier • mammals are come out of hibernation sooner • many species moving closer to the poles

  34. *climate change *flooding *tornado *volcanic eruption *hurricane *earthquake *landslide *wildfires Effects Awareness Alertness Loss of life Loss of habitat Natural disasters

  35. Pollution Deforestation Protection of habitat Oil spills Smog Acid rain Effects: Change in adaptations Unable to adapt Loss of food supply Loss of habitat Human impact

  36. Our Need for Oceans • Why do humans need the oceans? • Oceans make up about 70% of the Earth’s surface and about 97% of our water. • Oceans produce rain. • WE NEED RAIN!!!!!!!

  37. Oceans as Providers • The oceans provide food, natural resources, transportation, and entertainment besides the necessary contribution of rain on Earth.

  38. Human Impact on Oceans • Chemical runoff and dumping • Pollution • Oilspills • Overfishing • Artificial reefs

  39. Famous Quotes • Thank God men cannot fly, and lay waste the sky as well as the earth. ~Henry David Thoreau • It wasn't the Exxon Valdez captain's driving that caused the Alaskan oil spill. It was yours. ~Greenpeace advertisement, New York Times, 25 February 1990 • Nature provides a free lunch, but only if we control our appetites. ~William Ruckelshaus, Business Week, 18 June 1990 • We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. ~Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, 1732

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