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Talcott Parson’s on social function and freedom Thornstein Veblen on craftmanship

Talcott Parson’s on social function and freedom Thornstein Veblen on craftmanship Alfred Radcliffe-Brown on Rituals and their meaning William Sumner on folkways and value George Simmel on social network Ferdinand Toennis on 2 types of human will Max Weber on Spirit of Capitalism

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Talcott Parson’s on social function and freedom Thornstein Veblen on craftmanship

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  1. Talcott Parson’s on social function and freedom • Thornstein Veblen on craftmanship • Alfred Radcliffe-Brown on Rituals and their meaning • William Sumner on folkways and value • George Simmel on social network • Ferdinand Toennis on 2 types of human will • Max Weber on Spirit of Capitalism • Karl Marx on Capitalism • Emile Durkheim on Solidarity and Division of Labor • Herbert Spencer on Conflict and Competition • Auguste Comte’s on Positivism and Religion DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

  2. Marx solved this problem by introducing communism and revolution. As a student how would you solve this problem?

  3. AUGUSTE COMTE POSITIVE LAW NORMATIVE LAW NATURAL LAW

  4. POSITIVE LAW VS NORMATIVE LAW EMPIRICISM VALID: REPORTS ON SENSORY EXPERIENCE PHYSICAL WORLD OPERATES: ABSOLUTE LAW (S0 does Society) POSITIVE LAW VS NATURAL LAW NATURAL LAW : inherent/ provided by nature POSITIVE LAW : enacted or posited by man

  5. 3 STAGES OF KNOWLEDGE FOR COMTE: • Theological or religious stage • Metaphysical or abstract reasoning stage • Positive or scientific stage

  6. BY MERE OBSERVATION, HOW CAN YOU PROVE TO ME THAT THE WORLD IS NOT FLAT? • Renaissance • Religion vs. Science • Copernicus • Galileo

  7. TRADITIONS (CHURCH): EARTH AS CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE • Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, 1 Chronicles 16:30 • “the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved.” • Psalm 104: 5 • “the Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved.” • Ecclesiastes 1:5 • “and the sun rises and sets and returns to its place” • Heliocentrism (telescope) vs. Geocentrism • Copernicus: parallax • Heresy = imprisoned

  8. PARALLAX (displacement) • as the viewpoint moves side to side, • CLOSE = faster, • FAR = slower. • The planet moves faster when nearer the Sun. (kepler)

  9. HERBERT SPENCER LIFE AS AN EVOLUTION (simple to complex) IS GOVERNED BY LAWS OF CONFLICT & COMPETITION SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST = ONE CAN ADAPT TO THE CHANGES = PROGRESSION PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES VS INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

  10. PRIMITIVE SOCIETY: AFRAID OF CHANGES

  11. MARRIAGE IS FOREVER? MAN DIES: DI FOREVER PRACTICE OF LOVING SOMEONE: FOREVER

  12. SHARED VALUES AS SOMETHING THAT IS ENDURING

  13. 2 TYPES OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY: DURKHEIM • MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY • Similar tasks • ORGANIC SOLIDARITY • Variable tasks

  14. MAX WEBER • belief systems can affect people’s actions • Subjectively and objectively • patterns in social action which he classified as value-oriented, goal-oriented actions

  15. BELIEF SYSTEM AFFECTING PEOPLE’S ACTIONS VERSTEHEN OBJECTIVE VS SUBJECTIVE

  16. RELIGION SHOULD DIRECT CAPITALISM

  17. SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM • PLEASURES VS. SUCCESS • actions were motivated by a highly moral and respected philosophy

  18. FERDINAND TOENNIES • All social relations are creations of human will

  19. 2 TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS WITHIN THE CONTEXTS OF HUMAN WILL • Essential Will - Gemeinschaft • sympathy • Friendship/ community group • Arbitrary Will - Gesellschaft • activity with regard to the future • city and state

  20. GEORGE SIMMEL • social network between individuals who are in constant interaction with one another.

  21. SUMMON: to order to appear

  22. VALUE OF SOMETHING = BOUGHT BY MONEY?

  23. ALFRED REGINALD RADCLIFFE-BROWN WE PERFORM RITUALS Meaning in rituals Social consequences on rituals

  24. TALCOTT PARSONS

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