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Plant Propagation Guide: Sexual and Asexual Methods

Learn about plant propagation in 2022 with Becky McGuire's information. Understand sexual reproduction through pollination and fertilization, seed development, and germination requirements. Explore asexual propagation methods like cuttings, grafting, and budding for maintaining desirable plant species.

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Plant Propagation Guide: Sexual and Asexual Methods

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  1. Propagation Information2022 By: Becky McGuire

  2.    Sexual Reproduction • requires flowers to form, pollination & fertilization to occur, seeds develop and grow • A. Pollen from anther falls on stigma of pistil from anther of stamen • B. Fertilization occurs in ovary • Ovary develops into fruit and ovules become seed

  3. Seeds are living or dormant • A. 3 parts: • 1.   seed coat: protects seed and may be thick/hard • 2.   endosperm/cotyledon: supply of stored food (endosperm/cotyledon) • 3.   embryo: 3 parts: shoot (plumule), stem (hypocotyl) and root (radicle)

  4. Germination requirements • 1.   water: softens seed coat, moves stored food • 2.   temperature: wide range/seed • 3.   oxygen: saturated soil leads to no germination • 4.   light: varies with plant, lettuce needs light to grow

  5. Dormancy • seed is alive, but resting (sleeping/hibernating) • 1.   low temperature • 2.   hard seed coat • 3.   temporarily kept from oxygen • 4.   embryo not fully developed • 5.   breaking dormancy: • --soak in hot water • --soak in acid • --scarification (scratching seed coat) • --expose to cold temps.

  6. viability • ability to germinate • --depends on kind of seed and storage conditions

  7. Asexual Reproduction • A. ensure new plants are identical to parent plants • maintain desirable species

  8. Common types of asexual propagation • 1.   cuttings: portion of plant removed and forms roots (shrubs/houseplants) • 2.   grafting: shoot removed from parent plant and placed on another (stock). (apple/fruit trees) • 3.   budding: bud removed from parent plant and placed on stock (fruit trees/ornamentals/roses)

  9. Common types of asexual propagation • 4. division: clumps of plants dug up and separated (hostas, mums, lilies) • 5. rhizomes: rhizomes dug up, cut into sections and planted (iris) • 6.   stolon: new plants root at nodes (strawberries)

  10.   Cuttings • A. most common form • B. cutting: any vegetative plant part (stem, leaf, roots) • C. stem cuttings should be 6 inches long with 3-4 leaves retained • D. cut stem at 45 degree angle right below node • E.  use sharp knife/blade

  11. Cuttings • F. remove flowers and buds to allow energy to go to roots • G. may apply rooting hormone • H. insert into soil, drain well, provide moisture I. bright, indirect light

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