1. 11/2/2010 • Today – Ottoman Culture • HW – p. 606 - Read “Power and Culture Under the Mughals” • List any evidence of continuity, destruction, diffusion, syncretism

2. Chapter 14Cultures of Splendor and Power 1500 - 1780 As global connections increased due to international migrations and empire building, cultures were affected in different ways. How did the Ottomans, Mughals, Chinese, Japanese, and American societies respond culturally to heterogeneity within and contact with foreign peoples?

3. 1. What is culture?2. When do we know we are witnessing it?3. Why is it important? • Culture- refers to the… • cumulative deposit of knowledge and Experience • Material objects and possessions • beliefs, values, and attitudes • Roles and hierarchies • meanings, religion, notions of time, spatial relations, and concepts of the universe • …acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. • It is NOT a static, unchanging phenomenon. • It is a porous, evolving, negotiated phenomenon and is perceived differently by in-group members and out-group members

4. What can occur when 2 or more cultures come into contact? Cultural continuity – A society largely maintains the practiced culture that existed prior to contact Cultural destruction – Elements or large portions of a culture are extinguished, either voluntarily or involuntarily Cultural diffusion – when cultural traits are spread from one culture to the other Cultural syncretism – combining (sometimes contradictory) traits or elements of 2 or more cultures; often resulting in the creation of something new

5. Ottoman Culture

6. Religion • Religious diversity • Accommodated Sufis, Sunnis, Shias, and Ulama • Allowed minority autonomy • Dhimmis – Armenian and Greek Orthodox Christians, Jews organized into… • Millets – minority religious communities

7. 3 Systems of Education 1. Administrative Schools – to educate the civil and military bureaucracy • Topkapi palace 2. Religious schools • Young schools • Madrasses • Graduates became Ulama, qadis, muftis, and teachers 3. Sufi Schools • Tekkes • Foreign contributions • Hungarian Ibrahim Muteferrika (1674-1745) • Including Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes

8. Art Mehmet I Suleiman • Calligraphy – Anatolian/Arabic origin • Miniatures – Islamic books • Portraiture • Italian painter Gentile Bellini • Tulip Era • Sultans • warriors • 1700’s: tiles, fabrics, public buildings, festivals

9. Signature of Mahmad II Blue Turkish Tiles Mirror calligraphy 'Ali is the vicegerent (deputy) of God'

10. Architecture Ottoman Persian Byzantine Suleiman mosque Seljuk

11. Daily Life • Coffeehouses • Taverns (wine) • Dance • Carpets – nomadic origin • Jewelry – Armenian, Jewish • Luxury goods: lemons, soap, pepper, metal tools

12. Mughals • Cultural continuity – . • Sharia • Little respect for European knowledge and culture • Cultural destruction • Aurangzeb • Cultural diffusion • Danishmand Khan • Foreign scholars and artists in courtly life. • Foreign foods • European military technology • Chinese products • Cultural syncretism • Din-il-llahi • FatehpurSikri (1571) • TajMahal (1630)