Unit 2: Early Modern Times

1. Unit 2: Early Modern Times

2. During this unit, you will: • Know the major developments that led to the emergence of modern Europe. • Understand how religion, culture, economics and politics changed during the Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration and Absolutist movements. • Explain the short-term and long-term effects of these changes.

3. Renaissance • Essential Questions: • What were the key ideas and figures that defined the Renaissance? • How has the Renaissance shaped our World Today?

4. Middle Ages Preoccupation with the afterlife = Church Pessimism: Life was a march to death Christian Humbleness discourages self-absorption Man created in God’s image but fails to meet the standard “We are entering an age of light coming out of the gothic gloom.” –Francesco Petrarch

5. Later Middle Ages Art

6. Later Middle Ages Art

7. Later Middle Ages Art

8. Gothic Architecture

9. Gothic Architecture (Interior)

10. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? • Location- • Seat of Catholic Church (Patronage) • Economic wealth of Patron families (Ex. Medici’s in Florence) • Political Centralization (city-states) provided stability • Center of the Classical world

11. What events sparked the Renaissance? • Discovery of Classic texts in Islamic Libraries • “Reconquista” As Spain taken back from Moors Classical artifacts are re-discovered • Fall of Constantinople – Greek Exodus (1453) • Crusades and Trade introducing Eastern Math concepts & Architecture

12. Renaissance Themes Individualism • Glorification of Uniqueness • Stress on personality, genius, athleticism, artistic ability • Maximize potential • Fame, Glory, Ambition

13. Renaissance Themes Humanism • Revival of Greco-Roman literature and philosophy • Focus on human traits rather than God

14. Renaissance Themes Secularism • Material over Spiritual • Explain accomplishments with Senses (ex. Galileo) • Here & Now • Renaissance Man sought comfort of the senses • Life is a Journey not a destination

15. The Renaissance Man “….man could write a poem, wrestle, sing a song, and accompany himself on an instrument, ride expertly, solve math problems, and above all speak and write eloquently.” - Castiglione, The Courtier (1528)

16. The Renaissance Man • Educationally focused • History, Rhetoric, Ethics • What is Virtue? • Young Nobility (Elitist Movement) • Education about ruling and/or running a business

17. Technological Innovations of the Renaissance Printing -1455 – Johann Gutenberg, Fust, Schoffer create movable type -More effective communication in government, propaganda, “invisible public,” stimulates literacy of laypeople in church

18. Technological Innovations of the Renaissance Clocks • Quantification of Time becomes important • “Time is Money” • Control of Universe • Creation of set work hours

19. Women and the Renaissance • Renaissance is a male-dominated movement • Status of Upper Class women declines (work, property, political power) - Marriage • Women were decorations for a man • Improvement for middle to lower class women.

20. Italian Art • Italians were ableto spend a lot of money on art. (patronage) • Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values. • Italian banking & international trade interests had the money. • Reverted back to the Classics for inspiration ****Art for the first time is not controlled by the Catholic Church!****

21. EX. Renaissance Florence

22. Florence, Italy • Geography makes Florence the ideal Renaissance city • Continental trade passes through Florence • Banking is foundation of economy • Central to culture and art

23. The Medici • Gained their fortune through Banking and the textile trade in Europe • Lorenzo the Magnificent

24. Sculptures of the Medici 1478 - 1521 1517 - 1574

25. Medici Architecture The Medici Palace Medici Chapel

26. Filippo Brunelleschi1377 - 1436 • Architect-built the dome of Florence • Cuppolo of St. Mariadel Fiore

27. Filippo Brunelleschi • Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. • Used unique architectural concepts. • He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome.

28. Brunelleschi’s Dome

29. Four of the World’s Largest Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

30. Comparing Domes

31. Leonardo Da Vinci • Artist • Sculptor • Architect • Scientist • Engineer • Inventor 1452 - 1519

32. Vitruvian Man • Leonardo daVinci

33. Leonardo the Sculptor • An Equestrian Statue • 1516-1518

34. His many works based off of the humanistic form of life…

35. Leonardo and the Renaissance quest for knowledge… • An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

36. Leonardo’s quest for medical knowledge

37. Other Leonardo works

38. Michelangelo • 1475 – 1564

39. David • MichelangeloBuonarotti • 1504 • Marble

40. The Pieta • MichelangeloBuonarroti • 1499 • marble

41. The Sistine Chapel’s works

42. Sistine Chapel and Michaelangelo The Creation of the Heavens

43. Sistine Chapel and Michaelangelo (Con’t) Creation of Man

45. Michelangelo Self-Portrait, 1506 Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518

46. Raphael • Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino • The Duke tried to kill Lorenzo!

47. Raphael and his works Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna

48. ) More Raphael works Madonna della Sedia Alba Madonna

49. Da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo

50. Pope Leo X • A Medici Pope. • He went through the Vatican treasury in a year! • His extravagances offended even some cardinals [as well as Martin Luther!]. • Started selling indulgences.