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Development of a High-Temperature Apparatus for Measuring Surface Tension of Molten Metals

This program aims to develop an innovative methodology for measuring the surface tensions of liquid alloys under controlled oxygen atmospheres. Key reactive elements such as Al, Cr, and Ti will be characterized through the influence of oxygen potential on surface tension and surface phases. Utilizing maximum bubble pressure (MBP) techniques, this apparatus will provide insights into the surface physical chemistry of metallic melts, addressing industrial challenges while supporting graduate-level research and encouraging collaboration with industry for critical primary metal manufacturing properties.

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Development of a High-Temperature Apparatus for Measuring Surface Tension of Molten Metals

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  1. Development of a High Temperature Maximum Bubble Pressure Apparatus For Measuring Surface Tension of Molten MetalsDMR-0112792

  2. Intellectual Merits • The overall objective of this program is to develop an experimental methodology to measure surface tensions of liquid alloys under controlled oxygen contents in the gas. • This will be used for characterizing surface tension of melts containing reactive elements such as Al, Cr and Ti. The effect of oxygen potential on the surface tension and surface phases will be elucidated and the results will be used to improve the understanding of surface physical chemistry of metallic melts and to address current industrial problems.

  3. Gas h Melt 2r Principle behind MBP • The pressure needed to form a bubble at the tip of the tube is registered. • The maximum bubble pressure (P) to form a bubble is related to the surface tension and to the pressure necessary to create a new surface (P ) through the equation:.

  4. MBP apparatus used for molten metals (1)Furnace (2)Zr-oxide capillaries for oxygen monitoring. (3)Pt/Pt-Rh thermocouple (4)Alumina crucible (5)Ambient oxygen-gettered gas (6) Protective alumina tube (7)Pressure transducer. (8)With the help of a gas flow controller (9)Capillary lifting device

  5. The MBP developed under this grant High temperature furnace and controller Computer control for gas flow rate, pressure monitoring and temperature control

  6. Initial results for the maximum bubble pressure in molten copper are shown below: • Broader Impacts • Two graduate students have been supported by this project and a laboratory is being designed for undergraduate students. • Collaboration is being established with industrial companies to use the equipment to determine properties that are key for manufacturing primary metals.

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