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The Classical Period (1750-1820): Music, Innovations, and Cultural Shifts

The Classical Period (1750-1820) marked a significant era of innovation in music and culture. Major milestones include James Watt’s invention of the steam engine in 1769 and the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Composers such as Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn flourished, with Beethoven notably renaming his Third Symphony “Eroica.” This period saw the rise of the middle class, which influenced public concerts and folk tunes in compositions. The standard orchestral setup emerged, emphasizing strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion, each contributing uniquely to the classical sound.

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The Classical Period (1750-1820): Music, Innovations, and Cultural Shifts

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  1. 1750-1820 70yrs The Classical Period

  2. WHAT WAS HAPPENING?

  3. 1769 – Watt invents steam engine

  4. 1776 – Declaration of Independence

  5. “Heroic Symphony composed to celebrate the memory of a great man.” 1803/04 Beethoven tears out the title of his Third Symphony “Bonaparte” renames it “Eroica.”

  6. 1813- Jane Austen writes a novel

  7. LOS 3 GRANDES

  8. Ludwig Van Beethoven

  9. Johannes ChrysostomusWolfgangusTheophilus Mozart

  10. Franz Joseph Haydn

  11. The Classical Style Contrast of Mood Rhythm Texture Melody Dynamics and the Piano

  12. The Classical Orchestra T

  13. The Classical Orchestra A standard group of four sections came to be. Strings, Woodwinds, Brass, and Percussion Strings: 1st violin, 2nd violin, viola, cello, double bass Woodwinds: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons Brass: 2 French horns, 2 trumpets Percussion: 2 timpani

  14. The strings were the most important section, with the first violins, taking the melody most of the time and the lower strings providing an accompaniment. The woodwinds added contrasting tone colors and were often given melodic solos. Horns and trumpets brought power to loud passages and filled out the harmony, but didn’t usually play the main melody. Timpani were used for rhythmic bite and emphasis.

  15. Classical Forms Common four movement patterns emerged from instrumental compositions such as symphonies, sonatas and string quartets. Example: • Fast Movement 2. Slow Movement 3. Dance-related Movement 4. Fast Movement

  16. Symphonies were written for orchestras. String quartets were written for 2 violins, a viola and a cello. Sonatas were for one or two instruments.

  17. Composer, Patron and Public Haydn was a paid servant for the Esterházy family. Mozart couldn’t stand being a servant and left to Vienna to become a freelance musician. Beethoven went to Vienna as well and catered to the middle class.

  18. Vienna The Rise of the Middle Class Public organized its own concerts Composers wrote popular folk tunes into their music. Operas were written in more rustic fashion as opposed to a courtly fashion often times making fun of aristocracy in the story line.

  19. How is Vienna like Nashville? Vienna was a music center for Europe. All of “Los 3 Grandes” were born away from Vienna but were drawn there for recognition. Beethoven traveled to Vienna at 16 to play for Mozart; at 22, he returned to study with Haydn.

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