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The Reformation

The Reformation. What are we reforming?. World History Mrs. Huston. What was it?. The Reformation . Biggest revolution of the 16 th century Divided Western Europe into Catholics and Protestants. Delete text and place photo here. What was it like?. Stormy and often brutal Far-reaching

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The Reformation

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  1. The Reformation What are we reforming? World History Mrs. Huston

  2. What was it? The Reformation. Biggest revolution of the 16th century Divided Western Europe into Catholics and Protestants

  3. Delete text and place photo here What was it like? Stormy and often brutal Far-reaching Made people think of their own interests

  4. At the beginning of the 16th century, Europe had only one major religion The Roman Catholic Church Very rich and powerful Disputes had arisen Some priests were corrupt Background information

  5. Catholics Protestants • Only the church could read the Bible and interpret it for the people • Some priests were selling indulgences to buy forgiveness for sins • Priests and nuns had a special connection to God • People could read and interpret the Bible for themselves • People must sincerely repent of their sins and change • All mankind was equal as far as God was concerned What were Some of the Conflicts?

  6. John Wycliffe Martin Luther John Calvin Early Leaders of the Reformation

  7. Pope Leo X condemned Martin Luther in a Papl Bull (decree) Charles V, leader of the Holy Roman Empire, a country of which modern Germany was a part, ordered Luther to Recant (take back what he’d said about the church) Luther said he wouldn’t until the Bible convinced him he was wrong How did the church react?

  8. Philipp Melanchthon—Germany Johannes Reuchlin—Germany Erasmus of Rotterdam—Netherlands Lefevred'Etaples—France HuldrychZwingli--Switzerland Other Leaders

  9. Many local leaders wanted to break away from large empires Tradesmen and peasants were seeking more rights from rulers Many resented the church because they felt it favored the oppressors Other Reasons for the Reformation

  10. The idea came out of the Renaissance that mankind was “perfectible” This new belief made people seek change and improvement The Reformation came from that because people wanted to get closer to God on their own, not under the separation of the priests New Ideas

  11. Because the Catholic church was such a huge part of society at that time, many powerful groups in society felt threatened by the people wanting change in the church Connection to Society

  12. Some thinkers of the Reformation wanted change within the church Some wanted to change the church, but not society A few wanted to leave or abolish the church and alter society as well Reformers or Radicals?

  13. Most countries/leaders were fairly tolerant of the new thinkers Only a few were punished for heresy by being burned at the stake Some were exiled from a location Sometimes the resistance and violence came from ordinary people, not rulers Treatment

  14. Eventually, the church decided to deal with the problem The Council met for 18 years Designed to “heal the schism”, but healed nothing Council of Trent

  15. Special place of Mary emphasized Emphasis on devotional works (things you do for God) Sacraments Saints and angels Use of Latin in worship Only priests could interpret scripture Primacy of the Pope Final Rulings of the Council

  16. The Society of Jesus (or Jesuits) order was founded within the Catholic church It addressed some of the abuses of the church Answered only to the Pope Took over the education of the laity and common clergy as one of their special goals Counter-Reformation

  17. In France—Protestantism was more popular in towns than in the countryside People there were more literate It was important to be able to read in a faith that emphasized personal Bible study So, who were the Protestants?

  18. Justification by faith -- Christ's sacrifice atones for all sins, and it is only necessary to believe in it to be saved. There is nothing humans can do by their own efforts to add or detract from it. The priesthood of all believers -- all believers have equal access to God and no other earthly intermediaries are needed. This does not mean that the flock does not need teachers, but there are no special sacramental functions belonging to any particular class. Beliefs of Protestants

  19. The scriptures as the only source of true doctrine -- studying and understanding the scriptures is therefore important to all believers. Translating the Bible into the vernacular tongues and making it available to all is essential. More Protestant Beliefs

  20. Christ's sacrifice happend only once, and no repeat of that sacrifice is necessary. Although Calvinists and Lutherans believe God is present at the sacrament and it nourishes the faithful spiritually, the bread and wine are not literally the body and blood of Christ. Zwinglians take a more extreme view that the sacrament is only symbolic. Everyone takes both bread and wine. And more …

  21. No heavenly intermediaries are needed to intercede with God. Atlhough the Virgin Mary, saints, and angels are all in heaven, they should not be the objects of prayer or veneration. The making of images encourages idolatrous worship that should be directed at the more abstract concept of God. … more

  22. God's foreknowledge and ominipotence mean that everyone is predestined to their fate: either to be or not to be one of the elect. Human action avails nothing. … continuing

  23. The Bible only documents two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper (so called to distinguish the Protestant practice from the Catholic Eucharist). No priestly status is required to perform them, although ministers to the church are necessary and useful to directing and guiding it. And finally!

  24. These two main divisions in the Christian church still exist today, with the same primary doctrinal differences dividing them. Today

  25. THE END

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