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Understanding Digestion: Key Concepts in Nutrition and Metabolism

Dive into the essentials of human digestion, metabolism, and urinary functions. Explore the four layers of the gastrointestinal tract—mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia—and understand the role of the greater omentum. Learn where starch digestion begins, the significance of the pulp cavity in teeth, and the hormones that regulate gluconeogenesis. Discover the nephron's structure, glomerulus' function, and the importance of enzymes like renin. This comprehensive guide covers critical concepts that bridge nutrition, digestion, and kidney function.

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Understanding Digestion: Key Concepts in Nutrition and Metabolism

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  1. Nutrition & Metabolism ID Digestion Urinary 100 pt 100 pt 100 pt 100 pt Double Jeopardy 200 pt 200 pt 200 pt 200 pt 300 pt 300 pt 300 pt 300 pt 400 pt 400 pt 400 pt 400 pt 500 pt 500 pt 500 pt 500 pt

  2. 4 layers of the GI tract

  3. What are • Mucosa • Submucosa • Muscularis • Adventia (serosa)?

  4. A double layer of fat that drapes over the small and large intestine

  5. What is the greater omentum?

  6. The location where chemical digestion of starch first begins?

  7. Where is the mouth?

  8. The space inside a tooth that contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

  9. What is the pulp cavity?

  10. The two products that chief cells produce

  11. What is pepsinogen, rennin and gastric lipase?

  12. In aerobic respiration 2 of these molecules enter into the Krebs cycle

  13. What are 2 acetyl Co A’s ?

  14. In the electron transport chain, ATP production is coupled with the pumping of H+ ions

  15. What is chemiosmosis?

  16. Gluconeogenesis is regulated by these two hormones

  17. What are glucagon and cortisol?

  18. Nutrient molecules that can be oxidized to produce ATP or stored in adipose tissue

  19. What are lipids?

  20. A hormone secreted by adipocytes that act to decrease total body fat mass

  21. What is leptin?

  22. The functional unit of the kidney

  23. What is the nephron?

  24. A tangle ball of capillaries in the bowman’s capsule

  25. What is the glomerulus?

  26. The tubule that drains into the collecting duct

  27. What is the distal convoluted tubule?

  28. Pores in the glomerular endothilial cells that allow filtration of blood solutes, but not blood cells and platelets

  29. What are fenstrations?

  30. An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells

  31. What is renin?

  32. ID the valve

  33. What is the cardiac or esophageal valve?

  34. ID

  35. What is the illium?

  36. ID

  37. What is the cecum?

  38. ID

  39. What is the minor calyx?

  40. ID capillary

  41. What is the peritubular capillary?

  42. Double Jeopardy ACh, gastrin, histamine and sight, thought or smell of food stimulates the secretion of this chemical substance from the parietal cells

  43. What is HCl?

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