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Session 1: Need for environment statistics and Indicators

This workshop will cover the need for environment statistics and indicators at various levels, regional and international environmental conventions, thematic international data collections, and comprehensive international environment statistics data collections.

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Session 1: Need for environment statistics and Indicators

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  1. Session 1: Need for environment statistics and Indicators Workshop on Environment Statistics and Accounts 7 – 11 March 2011 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  2. Outline of Presentation • I. Introduction • II. Regional and International environmental conventions • III. Thematic/topical international data collections • IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections

  3. I. Introduction • Environment statistics and indicators are required at national, sub-regional, regional and global levels: • To monitor progress in national environmental policies  • To meet main types of regional / international requirements • To follow up on global conferences (CSD, MDGs) • To report to international and regional conventions • To respond to thematic/topical international data collections • To respond to comprehensive international environment statistics data collections

  4. I. Introduction (cont’d) • The main regional and global conferences related to environment • Millennium Summit • Conference on Sustainable Development (CSD) • NEPAD Environment Initiative • Other Development related conference • Need of environment statistics: To monitor progress based on an agreed set of indicators

  5. II. Regional and International environmental conventions • II. International environmental conventions and programmes that most African countries ratified included: • Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989. • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 2001. • Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998. • RamsarConvention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 1971.

  6. II. Regional and International environmental conventions (cont’d) • Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, (CITES), Washington DC, 1973. • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, 1979. • Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage • Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994. • Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992. • The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992.

  7. II. Regional and International environmental conventions (cont’d) • Regional environmental conventions: • London Convention for the Protection of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa (1900) • African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1968) • Protocol on Protected Areas and Wild Flora and Fauna in Easter Africa Region (1985) • Convention for Cooperation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of West and Central African Region

  8. II. Regional and International environmental conventions (cont’d) • Convention on Establishing a Permanent inter-state drought control committee for the Sahel • Bamako convention on the ban of the import into Africa and the control of trans-boundary movement and management of hazardous wastes within Africa • Lusaka agreement on cooperative enforcement operations directed at illegal trade in wild fauna and flora Need for environment statistics: To monitor compliance with regulations based on a prescribed set of data by national parties

  9. III. Thematic/topical international data collections • Objective: To provide internationally comparable data based on standard questionnaires and methodology. The aim is not directly environmental but the data are used in environment statistics. • Examples: • UNSD:-Energy statistics, industrial commodity statistics, trade statistics, national accounts, demographic statisticsFAO • AQUASTAT (water) • FAOSTAT (agriculture, nutrition, fisheries, forestry, food aid, land use and population) • FISHSTAT (fisheries) • Etc.

  10. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections • Objective: To provide internationally comparable statistics on environmental issues based on standard questionnaires and methodology at national level • UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire on Environment Statistics • OECD/Eurostat Questionnaire on the State of the Environment

  11. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Duplication of requests and related problems • International organizations may ask for the same or similar data/indicators, creating unnecessary burden on countries; • Equally, more than one national organization may collect (and provide to the international organizations) the same or similar data in parallel, ending up with diverging figures for the same country; • International organizations may use different concepts, definitions and classifications that end up with apparently duplicate data requests; • Deviations from the international definitions motivate organizations to manipulate country data to ensure comparability and as a result, there will be differences between data from international and national sources.

  12. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Consistency between questionnaires • UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire is consistent with the OECD/Eurostat Questionnaire • The UNSD questionnaire asks for less detailed information than the OECD/Eurostat questionnaire • The Water questionnaire is consistent with SEEAW (water accounts) • Any regional questionnaires should be consistent with UNSD/UNEP and OECD/Eurostat questionnaires

  13. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Coordination • Efforts to avoid duplication by using data available at international sources instead of asking it from the countries • Sometimes duplication is apparent and unavoidable (e.g. FAO land use statistics versus UNSD land use questionnaire) • International Coordination of Environment StatisticsUNSD is actively promoting coordination between international and regional organizations through the Inter-secretariat Working Group on Environment Statistics (IWG-ENV).

  14. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) The main objective of the IWG-ENV: • Harmonization of international data and their collection. It focuses on: • Development and harmonization of methods; • concepts, definitions and classifications • Coordination of data collection • Coordination of training Members include: UNSD, UN-ECE, UNEP, FAO, OECD, Eurostat

  15. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire on Environment Statistics • 2004 Questionnaire included sections on: Air; Land; Waste; and Water • 2006 Questionnaire included sections on: Waste; and Water • 2008 Questionnaire includes sections on: Waste; and Water • 2010 Questionnaire includes sections on: Waste; and Water All the Questionnaires could be accessed at the UNSD website (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/Questionnaires/)

  16. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire Contents Waste 2010 • R1: Generation of Waste by Source • R2: Management of Hazardous Waste • R3: Management of Municipal Waste • R4: Composition of Municipal Waste • R5: Management of Municipal Waste – City Data • R6: Supplementary information sheet

  17. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Water 2010 • W1: Renewable Freshwater Resources • W2: Freshwater Abstraction • W3: Freshwater Available for Use • W4: Total water use • W5: Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36) • W6: Wastewater treatment facilities • W7: Population connected to wastewater treatmentW8: Supplementary information sheet

  18. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Air 2004 Emissions • A1: Emissions of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) • A2: Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) • A3: Emissions of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NM-VOCs) • A4: Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • A5: Emissions of Methane (CH4) • A6: Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) • A7: Emissions of Lead (Pb) • A8: Supplementary Information Sheet for Emissions Data

  19. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Air Ambient air quality • A9: Annual Mean Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in Ambient Air • A10: Annual Mean Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Ambient Air • A11: Annual Mean Concentrations of Suspended Particulate Matter (<10µm) (SPM10) in Ambient Air • A12: Supplementary Information Sheet for Ambient Air Quality Data

  20. IV. Comprehensive international environment statistics data collections (cont’d) Land 2004 • L1: Land Use • L2: Area Affected by Soil Erosion • L3: Area Affected by Salinization • L4: Area Affected by Desertification • L5: Supplementary Information Sheet on the Land Section

  21. V. Data Dissemination • Data collected by the Questionnaires are available at the UNSD website • ECA gets its environment data and indicators online from UNSD websites

  22. VI. Conclusions The main requirements of environment statistics are to • Meet the data needs of users at national, regional and international levels • To report to regional and international conventions and conferences on the status of the environment • Data collection is undertaken in a coordinated manner • International organizations share available environment statistics and indicators among themselves • The response rate to the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaires is low, it needs improvement, • NSOs in collaboration with other stakeholders in countries need to fill the questionnaires with whatever available data

  23. Thank You

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