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Networking Technology Roadmap 2009

Networking Technology Roadmap 2009. Fred Worley Senior Technologist, HP June 16, 2008. Agenda. Introduction New Standards Data Center Implications Technology Improvements Summary. The 24/7 World. The Internet enables all data centers to be global Your customers never sleep

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Networking Technology Roadmap 2009

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  1. Networking Technology Roadmap 2009 Fred Worley Senior Technologist, HP June 16, 2008

  2. Agenda • Introduction • New Standards • Data Center Implications • Technology Improvements • Summary

  3. The 24/7 World • The Internet enables all data centers to be global • Your customers never sleep • Growing dependence on data center availability • Data center provides data for • Customer interaction • Sales / Field support • Decision support • Inventory control • Communications • Data center management • You and your customers need guaranteed access any time, anywhere, 24/7/366 (happy leap year)

  4. What should my network do for me? • Need to: • Enable access to services for customers and employees • Secure, available, dependable services • SLAs for capacity, responsiveness • Provide efficient, cost effective resource management • Adapt to changing demands over time

  5. What should my network do for me? • Want to: • Virtualize everything • Stuff as a Service • Put compute anywhere • Use the data center to coordinate disaster recovery • Take everything with me • All employees, all the data, all the time • Leave everything at home • Nothing confidential leaves the vault • Simplify my life • Manage my data center from my handheld • Single cable (or no cable) to the desk for all content / communications • Single method for server connectivity within the data center

  6. Current Networking TrendsMobility without limits • Explosive growth in mobile access to networks and user / network interaction • Network Hot Spots cover cities, larger geographic areas • Increasingly powerful handhelds generate and deliver content in real time • Web 2.0 trends increase the role of the network in daily life • Email, voice, text, music, video, web, location-based services everywhere • Data center implications • Requests for service go somewhere • Everything you, customer, consumer, road warriors do hits the data center • Need technology to: • Help data center adapt to increased load • Enable data center manager to be a road warrior as well • Why not run the data center from your handheld? • New features needed to enable the full potential of the mobility trend • Greater mobility requires greater security • Provides data privacy and denial of service protection on shared medium • Promise of remote management implies data center flexibility • Ease of deployment for new capacity • Ease of redeployment for existing capacity • Simple management of all data center resources (storage, networks, processing) • Laptop / Handheld as a point of access for the data center implies greater bandwidth, better response times, guaranteed availability

  7. Current Networking TrendsExternal Forces • Rising prices for power and floor space in the data center • Increased consolidation, distribution • Many-core processor paradigm shift • Increased scale out • Government regulations • Increased storage requirements for data archival • Security requirements for personnel and customer data • Limited budget for IT spending • Drive to increase efficiency across the data center

  8. Creating Solutions • Need infrastructure that responds to your needs • Data center flexibility • Workload management • Alarms for failure, spikes in load, temperature or power • Dynamic rebalancing of capacity • Other talks will cover many of these issues – please see talks on: • Virtualization • Adaptive Enterprise • Data center management and Virtual Connect • Also need help from the networking technology • Greater access for customers, employees • Greater capacity within the data center to handle new loads • Greater efficiency within the data center to manage costs • Flexible fabric infrastructure to enable rapid re/deployment • Secure, available, dependable communications with customers and employees

  9. How is network technology evolving to meet your needs? • New Wireless standards that • Increase access for customers, employees • Provide alternatives for inter-data center connectivity for HA, speed of deployment, price competition • Increase demands on the data center • New Security standards that • Provide Encryption in the switch infrastructure • Stronger security than existing Authentication standards • Improved protection against denial of service attacks, unauthorized data access • Provide secure keys for new network infrastructure components • Simplify deployment of secure fabrics

  10. How is network technology evolving to meet your needs? • New wired Ethernet cabling standards that • Lower barriers to entry and reduces costs for 10GbE • Meets need for increased capacity • Simplifies switching infrastructure • Enables Fabric Consolidation • New Data Center Ethernet standards that • Enhance Ethernet as a common Data Center Fabric • Manage congestion to eliminate waste in the fabric • Reduce dropped packets for Storage applications • Provide dedicated bandwidth to critical traffic flows • Enhanced sharing of fat pipe technology in data center • Maintain existing QoS of separate fabrics with a simpler switch and cable infrastructure

  11. How is network technology evolving to meet your needs? • New PCI,Wire Protocol and API standards that • Enable network communications with substantially lower overhead • Improves server performance • Enables more efficient sharing of I/O between virtual machines • Enables higher speed networking fabrics • Enables Fabric Consolidation

  12. Agenda • Introduction • New Standards • Data Center Implications • Technology Improvements • Summary

  13. CloudComputing Networking 2009-11 Airplane Wireless Wireless MAN (802.16-2004) PAN (802.15 802.15.3, 802.15.4) Client Access (10/100/1000 Mb Ethernet), VoIP, Fixed/mobile convergence Mobile Wireless (3G, 3.5G, 4G) Wireless LAN (802.11a/b/g/n) Mobile Broadband (802.16e,LTE, UHF, 802.11p, 802.20) Data Center (10/100/1000Mb / 10/40Gb Enet 1/2/4/8Gb Fibre Channel, 10/20/40 Gb InfiniBand, IPv6, Enhanced Security, Enhanced QoS, (Multi-) Protocol Offload, Fabric Consolidation) Remote Data Center / Disaster Recovery (T1, T3, SONET, 10GbE, Wireless MAN, Wireless RAN)

  14. What is IPv6? • IPv6 is the version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IP) • IPv6 is designed to solve many of the problems of the current version of IP (known as IPv4) such as address depletion, security, auto-configuration, and extensibility. • It is just a matter of time for every organization. When IPv4 address space finally "runs out" this will occur at a global level...

  15. IPv6 FAQs • What is IPv6? • Why do I need IPv6 when IPv4 is working fine for me? • What are the features and benefits of IPv6? • Are there any alternatives to IPv6? • What do I need to do to be ready for the future? • What is the meaning of IP capable? • How do I transition to IPv6? • What is the HP history with IPv6? HP IPv6 Frequently Asked Questions www.hp.com/network/ipv6

  16. Wireless StandardsWireless Local Area Network • 802.11 – “WiFi” • 802.11b • 11 Mbps • ~60ft range without speed loss • 802.11a • First 54 Mbps standard • ~20ft range without speed loss • Not interoperable with 802.11b/g • 802.11g • 54 Mbps • ~60ft range without speed loss • Interoperates with 802.11b • 802.11n • ~200 Mbps • ~300ft range without speed loss • Interoperates with 802.11a/b/g • Standard expected to complete in 2H’2008 • Draft 4.0 reviewed at May 2008 task group meeting • Wi-Fi Alliance Certified products available now • Deployment opportunities: • Alternative to 100BASE-T for rapid deployment, hard-to-wire locations • Public and private Metro Area Network * Typical product range without speed degradation

  17. Wireless Standards (supporting)PoE+ 802.3at: DTE Power Enhancements • Increase PoE from 13W to 24W over two twisted pairs in Cat5E or better cable • Backward compatible with orig PoE 802.3af • Multiple power class levels. • Supports Midspans and Endspans • Defining new negotiation methods, uses LLDP for Class-2.

  18. Wireless StandardsWireless Metro Area Network • 802.16-2004 – “WiMAX” • Fixed wireless • Up to 50km (~30mi) • Up to 70Mbps • Standard completed 6/2004 • Products available today • broader availability and reduced pricing over time • Deployment Opportunities: • Disaster recovery link for remote data centers • Rapid deployment of T1 to T3 level service • Wireless connectivity for WiFi hotspots • Last Mile solution for residential customers • MAN broadband solution for notebook computers, game consoles (2007+)

  19. Wireless StandardsMobile Broadband • 802.16e-2005 – “WiMAX” • “vehicular mobility” up to 100km/h (~60mph) • 1 (or more) Mbps per user • Standard published 2/2006 • Products now available • WiMAX Forum certification testing expected Q4’07 • Deployment Opportunities: • 802.16-2004 opportunities plus: • Broadband roaming support • 3+G Network for cellular phones • Potential to greatly increase consumer access to the network • 802.20 – “Mobile-Fi” • “vehicular mobility” up to 250km/h (~180mph) • 1 (or more) Mbps per user • Standard in progress • Deployment Opportunities: • 802.16e opportunities plus: • Improved latencies for VoIP support • Global mobility, handoff and roaming support

  20. Wireless StandardsMobile Broadband • 802.11p - “WAVE” (Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment) • “vehicular mobility” up to 200km/h (~120mph) • 1km range • 27Mbps – 54Mbps • 1 (or more) Mbps per user • Standard expected to be complete 3/2009 • Deployment Opportunities: • 802.16e opportunities plus: • Inter-vehicle communications (US National Intelligent Transport System) • Roadside to vehicle communications (traffic info, localized content, tolls) • 802.11r – Fast Roaming • Reduce or eliminate downtime on base station transition • Standard expected to be complete 2008

  21. Wireless StandardsMobile Broadband “4G” networks • LTE – Long Term Evolution • Evolution of GSM (Global System for Mobile Comms) and HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) for 4G networks • Goals: • Speeds up to 100Mbps (downlink) and 50Mbps (uplink) • Optimized for low mobile speed (0-15kph) • High performance for 15-120kph; mobility up to 350kph • Standard expected end 2008/2009 • 802.16m – WiMax 2.0 • Evolution of WiMax for 4G networks • Goals: • Provide convergence of WiMax and other mobile • Speeds up to 300Mbps (downlink) and 110Mbps (uplink) • Backward compatibility to existing WiMax • Standard expected 2009/2010

  22. “Regional Area Network” IEEE 802.22 RAN 30 km (up to 50km) 70 Mbps 18 Mbps BW= 6,7,8 MHz 54 - 862 MHz Why do I care about Wireless? • Point of entry for 24/7 customer • New security, access control issues • Customer and employee access, threat management • New options for desktop deployments • New options for disaster recovery, bringing Data Centers on-line • Wireless mesh augments existingcommunications infrastructure • Plan for demand • Growing public and private municipal wireless networks * Graphic used with permission of Gerald Chouinard, Communications Research Centre Canada, www.crc.ca

  23. Security StandardsIEEE 802.1AE/af Media Access Control (MAC) Security andAuthenticated Key Agreement • What it is… • Two standards under development for MAC independent security • 802.1AE defines encryption above the MAC layer • 802.1af defines a key agreement protocol to distribute session keys • A link layer solution supporting shared media and point-to-point • What it is NOT… • A replacement for 802.1X and EAP • A replacement for 802.11i and WLAN security models • A software only solution • End-to-end encryption (e.g. IPSec, SSL)

  24. Security StandardsIEEE 802.1AR Secure Device Identity • Globally unique per-device Secure Identifier • Designed for use as authentication credentials, e.g with EAP • “Built in” initial key assignment • Can be replaced after initial deployment with administrator-assigned, extensible identifier • Simplifies deployment of new devices on a logically secure network • including physically insecure networks

  25. IEEE 802.1af IEEE 802.1af IEEE 802.1AR TCG TPM IEEE 802.1AR TCG TPM IETF Key Mgt Framework IETF Key Mgt Framework IETF Key Mgt Deploying Secure Network Infrastructure internal network authentication server Upstream Device 1. An EAPOL* conversation starts 2. EAP messages are forwarded New Infrastructure Device 3. Key material is returned with success IEEE 802.1AE 4. Session Keys are generated 5. Encryption is enabled *Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LANs

  26. Provider Provider Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber Virtual Machines Blade Server Security Standards 802.1AE/af Applications • Provider Networking • Subscriber to Provider • Subscriber to Subscriber • Switch-to-Switch Connections • Inter switch links • Protocol protection (e.g. spanning tree) • Edge to Core • End-point Connections • Multiple associations per port

  27. Why do I care about Security? • Data privacy on shared fabrics • Privacy of individuals • Privacy of business information • Fabrics shared by different business units • Privacy required by government regulations • Threat management • Protection against denial of service attacks • Protection against unauthorized access

  28. Wired Ethernet Standards10 Gigabit Ethernet • 802.3an – 10GBASE-T • Defines 10GbE over twisted-pair copper cabling • 55m over Cat6 • 100m over Cat6a UTP or Cat7 STP • “Short Reach Mode” for Low Power • 4W max • ~30m over Cat6a UTP or Cat7 STP • Goal to support auto negotiation to 100/1000BASE-T • Standard completed 6/2006 • Early products shipped or demonstrated 2H’07 • Difficult problem – still working to reach price / performance / power goals

  29. Wired Ethernet Standards10 Gigabit Ethernet • SFF-8431 – SFP+ Copper Cable • Cable connects directly to SFP+ module of NIC, Switch • In place of SFP+ optics module • Defines 10GbE over twin-axial copper cabling • 7-10m passive • 20m active • Active Optical Cables • Optical component integrated into cable • Connects to copper interface at NIC, switch • CX4, SFP+, XFP • Up to 300m • 10Gbps – 40Gbps • 2-6 watts per cable

  30. Wired Ethernet Standards10 Gigabit Ethernet • 802.3ap - 10GBASE-KR • Defines 10GbE over FR4 copper backplane (Blades) • Single-lane 10Gbps serial data rate over 40in copper trace • Elimination of cable media PHY for Blades removes cost • 802.3aq - 10GBASE-LRM • Defines 10GbE over existing fiber cabling • 62.5mm MMF to 220m • Standard completed 9/06 • Advantages: • Potential for lowest cost fiber solution long term • Reuse of existing 62.5mm cable plant • Power, port density advantages over 10GBASE-T short term

  31. Wired Ethernet Standards (supporting)802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet • Provides 80% power savings for idle links • Low Power Idle • Negotiate idle -> PHY/MAC/logic/queue quiescence • Link signal remains on • Rapid wakeup (max 3-4us) • Base-T (Twisted Pair) and Base-K (Backplane) PHYs • 10Mb-10Gb • Standard / first products expected 2010 • Broad adoption potential by 2012-2013

  32. Wired Ethernet Standards10 Gigabit Ethernet - established cabling standards

  33. Wired Ethernet Standards10 Gigabit Ethernet - emerging cabling standards

  34. Wired Ethernet Standards802.3ba 40Gb/100Gb Ethernet • Objectives approved to date: • 40Gbps and 100Gbps link rates • 40km SMF, 100m MMF, 10m Cu • Preserve 802.3 frame format, size for interoperability • Cabling options under investigation • Approved 40G Backplane standard: 40GBASE-KR4 • Standard expected in 2009

  35. Why do I care about 10-100GbE? • Faster Ethernet provides: • Increased capacity • Future proofing • Flatter switch topology • Fewer ports, fewer cables • Relief for slot-limited servers • Excellent fit with Blade Server environment • 10GbE Available today • Fiber cabling for all distances, reuse of existing cable • New copper cabling with lost cost, short reach • Switch infrastructure independent from PHY • Why wait? • New cable solutions lower cost for 10GbE • Lower-cost solutions: Active, SFP+; LRM, 10GbT enable cable re-use • Products available 2008-2010

  36. QoS StandardsData Center Ethernet • New set of standards to optimize Ethernet as a data center fabric • Converged Enhanced Ethernet effort in Data Center Bridging group • Designed to support IO Fabric Consolidation • Particularly for IO-Slot-limited blade servers • Goals: • Improve network utilization • Support multiple traffic types with traffic differentiation • Improve responsiveness • Manage congestion • Reduce/eliminate congestion-related packet loss • Enable new storage standards • Work with existing infrastructure

  37. QoS StandardsData Center Ethernet Server Server Bridge Bridge Server Server Server 1. Congestion Event occurs 2. Congestion Notification sent to Source (802.1Qau) 3. Rate Limiting at Source (802.1ar) 4. Priority-based link level flow control (802.1Qbb) for loss-sensitive traffic 5. Traffic of different Priority continues to flow control (802.1Qbb)

  38. QoS StandardsCongestion Management • Rate Limiting Standards • Limit rate of transmission under congestion conditions • Reduce impact of network congestion as it occurs • Higher throughput, better/more predictable response times • Reduce load at congestion points without increasing congestion elsewhere • 802.3ar - Limit rate of transmitted data on Ethernet • Receiving MAC tells its link partner’s transmitter to adjust its inter-frame gap to limit data rate • Allows fine grain control close to the congestion source • 802.1Qau – Congestion Notification • Bridges, Switches & Routers notify source(s) of congestion on the fabric per CoS • Allow source to limit egress rate without ULP overhead (dropped packets / retransmissions)

  39. QoS StandardsCongestion Management • 802.1Qbb – Priority Based Flow Control • Defines per traffic class PAUSE capability (sim. to 802.3x) • Traffic classes as defined for VLANs (802.1Q) • Eliminates packet drops caused by congestion • Required by protocols that expect a loss-less fabric • For use in Data Center Bridging environments defined by: • Congestion Notification (802.1Qau) • Bandwidth Management (802.1Qaz) • Small radius (e.g. Data Center, not WAN)

  40. LAN SAN 2Gb 2G 6Gb QoS StandardsBandwidth management • Bandwidth reservation standards • Reserve fabric bandwidth to avoid congestion, improve predictability of network (BW, latency, resp. time) • 802.1Qaz – Enhanced Transmission Selection • Allocation of bandwidthbetween trafficclasses • Allocated but unused BW available to other classes • Shared and strict priority • Bandwidth divided between Priority Groups (e.g. SAN, LAN, etc) • Multiple traffic classes may share a Priority Group • Strict priority with no BW limit provided for low-latency IPC • IETF RADIUS Bandwidth Capability • Defines set of bandwidth attributes that can be requested / granted between “home network” and “access network” • Allows service clients and service providers to negotiate dynamic QoS SLAs

  41. Why do I care aboutData Center Ethernet? • Enable efficient sharing of Data Center fabric • Manage congestion • Increase utilization of network resources • Maintain service levels and responsiveness • Eliminate congestion-related loss for loss-sensitive traffic • Manage bandwidth • Provide differentiated service for key traffic types • LAN/SAN/Cluster Interconnect/VoIP/Video/etc • Enables fat pipes to behave like many thin pipes • Enforced by fabric • More network for your money

  42. Server I/O StandardsPCI Express • PCIe 2.0 • Twice the speed of PCIe 1.1 • 5GT/s per lane, 8b/10b encoding • 1-16 lanes; x8 provides 32Gbps • New features in 2.0 and recent ECNs • IO Virtualization support • Atomic operations • Multicast support • Speed/lane width negotiation • Power control features • Products available now • PCIe 3.0 • 2x data and protocol bandwidth of PCIe 2.0 • 8GT/s per lane, PRBS23 scrambling + 128b/130b encoding • Standard expected complete in Q4’09 • Draft 0.7 due in Q4’08 • Initial products expected 2010--2012

  43. PCI-SIG IO VirtualizationImproved Sharing Within A Single Physical System SystemImage 1 SystemImage 1 SystemImage 2 SystemImage 1 SystemImage 2 I/O VirtualizationIntermediary I/O VirtualizationIntermediary Physical System Physical System Physical System Physical I/O Physical I/O Physical I/O * SI: System Image (e.g. Guest) VI: Virtual Intermediary (e.g. VMM)

  44. PCI-X Bridge PCI-SIG IO VirtualizationIO Sharing with: Host CPU set • Performance • Direct access to device by SI* after initialization • Eliminates overhead of VI* in data path • Security • Hardware isolation of SI resources • Multiple Virtual and Physical functions per device • Address Translation and Protection Table (ATPT) • System provides IO Virtual Address to Device; translates to Physical Address during DMA • Fits with, but not part of, PCI standard • Manageability • PCI Manager (PCIM) creates map of IO space for SI • SI manages devices it can see just like PCI • SI doesn’t know that it is running in an IOV environment • Full backward compatibility • Strict superset of base PCI • IOV-capable PCI system can support legacy PCI, PCI-X and PCIe (without sharing) • Extensibility • Single Root (SR) and Multi-Root (MR) configurations • Resources can be transparently added or replaced beneath running applications SI 2 SI 1 PCIM PCI Root PCIe Switch PCIe Endpoint PCI-X Adapter PCI-X Adapter PCIe Switch PCI-X Adapter PCIe Endpoint PCIe Endpoint PCIe Endpoint * SI: System Image (e.g. Guest) VI: Virtual Intermediary (e.g. VMM)

  45. Why do I care about PCI & IO Virtualization? • Continued growth for Server IO • Speed, advanced features, power management • Maintaining balance with features, requirements in IO Fabrics • Lower TCO for Virtual Machine environments • Increasing reliance on virtualization technologies for server consolidation across the industry • Sharing of I/O between System Images allows lower TCO by utilizing resources more efficiently • PCI-SIG IOV enables improved efficiency for shared I/O and maintains guest isolation and ease of management of current solutions • Standards complete 2H’2007-2H’2009 • Standard will support HPVM and volume hypervisors • I/O card products expected in 2008-2009 • Pre-IOV products with improved IO sharing efficiency also available

  46. Agenda • Introduction • New Standards • Data Center Implications • Technology Improvements • Summary

  47. Data Center ImplicationsServer Overhead – The Networking Tax User Buffer Application • Like a “value-add tax”, OS + network stacks impose taxes (overheads) at each stage of message processing • As workloads increase and become more distributed, a growing percentage of solution cost goes to paying “taxes” rather than running applications • Network Roadmaps must include solutions for Tax Relief • New paradigms for more efficient networking and applications • New deployments for lower TCO 1 2 Sockets Network Buffer TCP 3 IP 4 Ethernet 5 Ethernet Hardware • User / Kernel Context Switch • Copy to / from user buffer and network buffer • Packet protocol stack processing – per packet • DMA to / from network buffer • Device control including interrupt post processing for DMA read / write completions

  48. Data Center ImplicationsIndustry Trends drive need for Tax Relief • Faster link speeds • 10Gb Ethernet • Increase in distributed workloads • Grid and Cloud computing • Clustered computing • Decrease in “unused” compute resources • Server Consolidation • Virtual Partitions (VPARs) • Effects are felt across a wide class of workloads • Database, HPTC, Block and File storage, Backup, Web Server, Video Server, etc.

  49. Data Center Networking 2009-11 Server Consolidation, Partitions, Blade Servers (PCI IOV, KR, PCIe Gen2) Improved Software Efficiency (Async Sockets, RDMA) Faster Backbone (10-100 GbE) Fabric Consolidation (Ethernet / IB LAN/SAN/CI) • Meeting Demand with lower TCO • Increase efficiency of data center • Eliminate overhead with Offload technologies, new software paradigms • Consolidate fabrics to reduce points of management/failure • Consolidate servers to eliminate idle CPUs Protocol Offload Technologies (TOE, iWARP, iSCSI, iSER, FCoE)

  50. Agenda • Introduction • New Standards • Data Center Implications • Technology Improvements • Summary

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