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Available Alpine Resources for the Insectivorous Golden-crowned Kinglet

Available Alpine Resources for the Insectivorous Golden-crowned Kinglet . Shelley Nagata Winter Ecology, 2010 – Mountain Research Station, University of Colorado, Boulder EBIO 4100, Sec 570. Overview . Research & background topics about the Golden-crowned Kinglet

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Available Alpine Resources for the Insectivorous Golden-crowned Kinglet

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  1. Available Alpine Resources for the Insectivorous Golden-crowned Kinglet Shelley Nagata Winter Ecology, 2010 – Mountain Research Station, University of Colorado, Boulder EBIO 4100, Sec 570

  2. Overview • Research & background topics about the Golden-crowned Kinglet • Investigate how Kinglet is able to survive through the cold weather • Procedure and Methods that were executed in order to answer this question • Results • Drawing conclusions

  3. Research • Kinglets summer diet • Little information on winter diet • Difficulties faced among winter Bernd Heinrich and Ross Bell

  4. Key Features of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulussatrapa) • Identification Tips • Important behavioral aspects http://www.usgs.gov

  5. What are the Kinglets eating?? • Discover the possible resources available in alpine ecosystems. • Determine how well the resources are represented in the sampled area

  6. Methods • Field Tools - Beat sheet - Sledge hammer -Aspirator • Communities 1 & 2 -10,100 ft -9,600 ft • Community constants -20 Trees at each site -Spruce Forests • Collect count data Bernd Heinrich and Ross Bell

  7. Classifying-body shape-wings- legs

  8. Segmented appendages

  9. Results continued… • Diversity Index • s • Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) = -Σ (pi)(lnpi) • i=1 • Chi-squared test • X2 = Σ (Observed-Expected)2/ Expected pi proportion of individuals of species (i) in community

  10. Community Diversities • Community 1: 10,100 ft H’= 0.21 More distributed environment Less Stable • Community 2: 9,600 ft H’ = 0.24 Greater abundance • compare the multiple dependent variables collected under different environments

  11. Chi-squared Interpretation • Level 0.01 indicated a significant difference between the proportions of insects found in community 1 and community 2. • Distribution of observations differs among the two communities • Communities structured differently in regards to the different orders found in the communities

  12. Drawing Conclusions • Winter foraging results in abundance • Evolving affects on foraging specialization • Freeze Avoidance • Cannot tolerate formation of ice in body tissues • Free Tolerance • Tolerate formation of ice within tissues • Evolving Orders

  13. References • Bell, R. & Heinrich, B. 2010. Winter Food of Small Insectivorous Bird, the Golden-Crowned Kinglet. Wilson Ornithological Society. The Wilson Bulletin 107(3): 558-561. • http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/ i7480id.html

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