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ITEC 715

ITEC 715. The Design of Multimedia Learning. Week 9. Recall from Last Week. Adobe Audition, Part 2. Normalizing.

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ITEC 715

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  1. ITEC 715 The Design of Multimedia Learning Week 9

  2. Recall from Last Week Adobe Audition, Part 2

  3. Normalizing Normalizing is the process of raising the loudest sound in your recording to “digital maximum.” That is, it raises the loudest sound to the loudest possible level; if it were any louder, you’d get clipping. At the same time, normalizing raises the volume of the rest of the recording by the same number of decibels. This results in a sound whose volume is as high as the bit-depth used will allow, without altering the recording in any other way.

  4. Normalizing and Digital Noise Reduction Selection Tool • Select the entire wave (cmd-a) • Choose Effect -> Amplify • Accept the defaults and hit OK to normalize the sound (peak normalization) • Using the Selection Tool, select a passage that is supposed to be silent • Choose Effect -> Noise Removal… and press the Get Noise Profile button • Select the entire wave (cmd-a) • Choose Effect -> Noise Removal… • Adjust the slider (usually toward “less”) and use Preview until it sounds good. Then press the Noise Removal button. Noise Removal

  5. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 3: Delivering Audio to Flash and the Web Some Background Info About the Mp3 Format

  6. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 3: Delivering Audio to Flash and the Web “Lossless” vs. “Lossy” in Audio Encoding WAV files are generally too big to deliver in an online instructional multimedia product. That’s why you will often want to compress your WAV original into a smaller mp3. How does the mp3 encoding process manage to squash the size of the sound down so much? The answer is: it throws some of the sound information away! Relative sizes of a 1 minute sound The mp3 file is much smaller because it throws away some audio information.

  7. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 3: Delivering Audio to Flash and the Web “Lossless” vs. “Lossy” in Audio Encoding There are two kinds of data compression: “lossless” and “lossy”. Compression schemes like Stuffit and Zip are lossless. This means that when you uncompress a file that has been “Zipped”, you get back a file that is identical to the file you originally compressed. But with mp3s, this is not true. Some information is lost during mp3 compression and cannot be recovered during decompression. Popular compression algorithms, classified as lossless or lossy. Lossless algorithms recover an identical copy of the original file. Lossy algorithms do not.

  8. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 3: Delivering Audio to Flash and the Web “Lossless” vs. “Lossy” in Audio Encoding Original 44.1 KHz / 16 bit stereo WAV file The technical term for algorithms which have both an encoder and decoder part is codec (a somewhat bizarre contraction of “encode / decode”). Since mp3 is a lossy codec, you do NOT want to convert your sound into the mp3 format until you are completely done editing it! If you edit an mp3 and want to save it back out as an mp3, you’ll have to run it through the mp3 encoder again, and every time you do that, you will degrade the quality of your sound. 48 kbps stereo mp3 file – 1st Generation 48 kbps stereo mp3 file – 10th Generation

  9. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 3: Delivering Audio to Flash and the Web Exporting Mp3s Out of Audacity

  10. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Exporting Mp3s from Audacity • Choose File -> Preferences to pop up the preferences dialog, then click on the File Formats tab. • Choose a Bit Rate – lower bit rates result in smaller files but worse sound quality. • Hit OK to save your settings. • Choose File -> Export as Mp3… • Give the mp3 file a name. Hit Save, then on the following dialog box, just accept the defaults and hit OK.

  11. Background Music Creating Royalty-FreeMusic with GarageBand

  12. GarageBand ITEC 715 • Other sources of royalty-free background music include: • Additional GarageBand “Jam Packs”: http://www.apple.com/ilife/garageband/jampacks/ • Royalty-free library music (do an Internet search on “royalty free music”) • Output of other “loop editors” such as Soundtrack (Apple), Sony’s Acid (PC), and Adobe’s Audition (PC)

  13. Mixing Voice and Music Audacity, Part 3: Mixing Voice-Over Narration with Background Music

  14. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Voice-Over Mixing • Write a script and rehearse it before recording! • Launch Audacity • Record and edit your voice track • Save your work! • With the completed voice track still loaded, choose Project -> Import Audio to import your music track • Next, split your stereo music track into two mono tracks by using the drop-down menu by the track name and choosing Split Stereo Track

  15. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Voice-Over Mixing (cont.) • Next convert each of the 2 split music tracks into a “mono” track, again using the drop-down menu by the track name. • Select the two music tracks by clicking on track control area (use shift-click to select the second track). • Now mix these two music tracks together into a single mono track by choosing Project -> Quick Mix. NOTE: If we were mixing two tracks that weren’t already part of a clean stereo mix, we’d want to make sure there was no clipping in the newly combined mono track.

  16. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Voice-Over Mixing (cont.) • Use the Time Shift Tool to move the tracks forward or backward in time. • You can also use the Selection Tool to highlight sections of the music track you don’t want – such as introductory passages from the beginning – and delete them using Edit -> Cut or the equivalent keyboard shortcut: cmd-x • While testing out ideas, you can adjust the relative levels of each track using the volume slider on the track’s left Time Shift Tool Track Volume

  17. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Voice-Over Mixing (cont.) • With the voice and music track lined up as you want them, you’re ready to start adjusting the relative volumes of the tracks by using the Envelope Tool • Click with the Envelope Tool to create new pivot points for the envelope curve. Drag the line to adjust volumes up or down as desired. • Let the music run for 5-10 seconds past the end of the narration. Use the selection tool to create a fade-out (Effects -> Fade Out) over the last 5-10 seconds. Fade the same section out twice to get a smoother curve.

  18. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Voice-Over Mixing (cont.) • Select everything after the fade-out on the music track and delete it • Save the Project file at this stage with a name ending in “-u”, then save it again with the same name, but ending in “-m” instead of “-u”. That way we’ll save our “unmixed” and “mixed” versions. If we discover problems later, we can remix without having to do all Time Shift and Envelope work again.

  19. Audio Production for Instructional Multimedia Module 2: Recording with Audacity Voice-Over Mixing (cont.) • Select both tracks, then choose Project -> Quick Mix to mix the VO and music tracks into a single monophonic track. • Listen to the track to make sure that combining these tracks didn’t cause any clipping. If it did, undo the Quick Mix, take each track down 3 dB, and do the Mix again. You should re-normalize this final track as well. • Save the Project file at this stage over the file name ending in “-m”. • Choose File -> Exportas WAV to save the WAV file.

  20. This Week Video in E-learning

  21. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths • Conveying emotion • Establishing a human connection • Showing a visual demonstration Weaknesses • Difficult to edit • Expensive to change or update • Expensive to shoot and edit

  22. Some Common Uses ITEC 715 • Digital Coach/Feedback • Expert Perspective • Customer Testimonial • Demonstration • Lecture • Vignette • Branched Conversation/Virtual Interaction

  23. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The Company Business Process There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  24. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The Company Business Process Research the Competitive Landscape In this step, you must determine if there are any competitors who are already engaged in the new business opportunity you see for your company. If so, you need to identify which competitor is doing the best in this market. “Best” can be a tricky concept. Sometimes it means earning the largest gross margins. Sometimes is means capturing the largest share of the market. Be careful how you define “best” at this stage! There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  25. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The Company Business Process • Estimate Costs Required to “Beat the Best” • Having identified the competitor who is doing best in this market, you next need to figure out how much it will cost your company to enter the market and beat the best player. • Some factors to consider: • Existing brand loyalties you may have to overcome • Marketing costs • Any import duties on parts or subcomponents • Taxes and other fees There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  26. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The Company Business Process Estimate the Return on Investment (ROI) To compute the ROI, <blah blahblah etc. etc. etc.> There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  27. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The Company Business Process • Make a “Build vs. Buy” Decision • Factors to consider in making this decision include: • Blah • Blah • Blah • Yadda • Yadda • Yadda There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  28. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The Company Business Process There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  29. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 In this step, you must determine if there are any competitors... The Company Business Process There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  30. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 Having identified the competitor who is doing best in this market, … The Company Business Process There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  31. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 To compute the ROI, <blah blah blah etc. etc. etc.>… The Company Business Process There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  32. Digital Coach / Feedback ITEC 715 The right way to make a build vs. buy decision is to… The Company Business Process There are four major steps to the company business process. Click each step to learn more about it: Research the competitive landscape Estimate costs required to “beat the best” Estimate the return on investment (ROI) Make a “build vs. buy” decision Click each process step. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  33. Expert Perspective ITEC 715 Seeing the Solution in Different Ways Captain Kirk has asked Dr. McCoy and Mr. Spock for advice. Each has a different perspective. Dr. McCoy offers a human, emotional point of view. Mr. Spock offers a logical, rational point of view. Click each character to hear what he has to say. If you were in Captain Kirk’s position, who’s advice would you take? Dr. McCoy Mr. Spock Click each character to hear his perspective. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  34. Expert Perspective ITEC 715 Seeing the Solution in Different Ways Captain Kirk has asked Dr. McCoy and Mr. Spock for advice. Each has a different perspective. Dr. McCoy offers a human, emotional point of view. Mr. Spock offers a logical, rational point of view. Click each character to hear what he has to say. If you were in Captain Kirk’s position, who’s advice would you take? Dr. McCoy’s Perspective Dr. McCoy Mr. Spock Click each character to hear his perspective. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  35. Expert Perspective ITEC 715 Seeing the Solution in Different Ways Captain Kirk has asked Dr. McCoy and Mr. Spock for advice. Each has a different perspective. Dr. McCoy offers a human, emotional point of view. Mr. Spock offers a logical, rational point of view. Click each character to hear what he has to say. If you were in Captain Kirk’s position, who’s advice would you take? Mr. Spock’s Perspective Dr. McCoy Mr. Spock Click each character to hear his perspective. Then click Next to continue. Back Menu Next

  36. Customer Testimonial ITEC 715

  37. Demonstration ITEC 715

  38. Lecture ITEC 715

  39. Vignette ITEC 715

  40. Virtual Interaction/Branched Conversation ITEC 715 I can book your flight, accommodations, and rental car. Do you have a profile on file with us? How do you respond to Hank? Yes, I have a profile on file with you. No, I do not have a profile on file with you.

  41. Approaches

  42. Humor ITEC 715

  43. The Genius and the Fool ITEC 715 Fool Genius

  44. Shooting Instructional VideoTop 10 Tips

  45. Tips ITEC 715 • Don’t use the built-in mic; use an external mic. A few feet A few inches Microphone is far from subject Microphone is near to subject

  46. Tips ITEC 715 • Keep in mind the “rule of thirds” when framing your subjects.

  47. Tips ITEC 715 • Don’t backlight your subject. Not backlit Backlit NOTE: Using a back light (aka “hair and shoulder light”) in a three point lighting setup is fine; the “Don’t backlight” tip applies when the backlight is the only light source.

  48. Tips ITEC 715 • Watch out for shadowy eye-sockets (a frequent problem when the only source of light is directly overhead). Image source: http://video.about.com/desktopvideo/Lighting--Effect-of-Direction.htm

  49. Tips ITEC 715 • You can use a cookie sheet, a windshield sun-screen, or a white posterboard to reflect light onto your subject. Window: “Key” Light Camera Operator Subject Assistant with reflective sheet: “Fill” Light

  50. Tips ITEC 715 • Watch out for distracting backgrounds. Are pine needles growing out of your subject’s head?

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