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Welcome to the gospel of Matthew

A study series on the Scriptures of our Lord Jesus Christ! Chapter 16 – Jesus establishes the Church! This book leads up to the 4 th big book in Matthew’s gospel, chapter 18. Welcome to the gospel of Matthew. This helps us to see the big picture of this gospel of Matthew.

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Welcome to the gospel of Matthew

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  1. A study series on the Scriptures of our Lord Jesus Christ! Chapter 16 – Jesus establishes the Church! This book leads up to the 4th big book in Matthew’s gospel, chapter 18. Welcome to the gospel of Matthew

  2. This helps us to see the big picture of this gospel of Matthew

  3. In his two feeding miracles, Jesus demonstrated what he taught in his parables about the kingdom: • 1. It might look small at first, but it possesses great power and potential for growth when his disciples step out in faith and cooperate. • In these miracles, Jesus demonstrated for his disciples what he will charge them to do before he leaves: • 2. To take the power and life of the kingdom first to the Jews, but then to the Gentiles and to all the world. Let’s review where we have been

  4. We see this work continued today in the supernatural distribution of Jesus’ body and blood. The Eucharist, transformed in the hands of priests around the world, provides spiritual nourishment to all in the Church. Still being fed today?

  5. In this chapter 16, Matthew continues his account of Jesus’ travels and ministry and his instructions for the 12 apostles. This chapter is pivotal because Jesus gives authority to Peter to be the first “prime minister” of the kingdom, and the head of the church. In this chapter, we see for the first time that Jesus announces his coming death and resurrection. Chapter 16…

  6. As you look back into Matthew chapter 14-15, what example that Jesus set can you follow in your own life? • What can you learn from these two chapters that you have never thought of before? • What can you implement and start new today? Looking back?

  7. Matthew chapter 16. • Take notes as you read • Ask the following questions to help you? • Who? • What? • When? • Where? • How? • Why? As you carefully read…

  8. There are three main themes in this chapter: 1. Jesus again refuses to give the Pharisees a sign to prove his divine identity, 2. He warns his disciples to beware the false teachings of these evil men. 3. Peter correctly identifies Jesus as the Messiah. Chapter 16 – what is going on as a whole?

  9. I. Jesus and His Foes (16:1–4) • A. Their demand (16:1): The Pharisees insist that he prove himself through some great sign from heaven. • B. His denial (16:2–4) • 1. What they would not do (16:2–3): Jesus reminds them of the many previous miracles he has already performed, which they would not accept! • 2. What he will not do (16:4): He will give them no sign except that of Jonah, a reference to his death and resurrection. • II. Jesus and His Followers (16:5–12) • A. The reminder (16:5–12): Jesus reminds his disciples to beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, a reference to their false teaching. Outline of 16:1-12

  10. The Pharisees and Sadducees came to test Jesus in verse 1. In what way does their question reflect Satan’s first temptation of Jesus in the desert in Matthew 4:3? • Comments? • Thoughts? • Mat. 4:3 - The tempter approached and said to Jesus, “If you are the Son of God, command that these stones become loaves of bread.” A wicked and adulterous generation – Mat. 16:1-12

  11. Both the Pharisees and Sadducees and Satan are trying to make Jesus give them a solid proof of who he is: • First, Satan tested Jesus by telling him to prove his divine Sonship by changing stones into loaves of bread. • Now, the Pharisees and Sadducees test Jesus by demanding a sign that will prove that his authority comes from God. • But, Jesus refuses to perform miracles for those unconvinced of his authority. His authority is already manifested through his healings in Mat. 11:2-5. One possible answer

  12. What “signs of the times” do you think Jesus is accusing the Pharisees and Sadducees of being unable to interpret? • Comments? • Thoughts? Think about it?

  13. The Pharisees and Sadducees may be able to forecast the weather by reading signs in the skies, but Jesus says they cannot interpret the changes that the signs of the times are predicting. • They are blind to what is happening in the kingdom of God. • They cannot read the true meaning of his miracles or see what he is trying to show them about the inclusion of the Gentiles, • They cannot understand what the passing away of the old covenant means and the coming of the kingdom is all about, which is the true meaning of the Sabbath. Blind and oblivious…

  14. So what kind of sign does Jesus offer to them? • Will they accept it? • Will they reject? • Will they ignore it? • Please explain? • Thoughts? • Comments? Thinking caps?

  15. Jesus offers to them only the “sign of Jonah”. God sent Jonah to Nineveh in Assyrhiah to warn them of impending judgment due to their sin. They were given 40 days to repent, and repent they did. The sign of Jonah

  16. This “sign” is a warning to Jewish leaders: • If the nation does not repent, God’s judgment will fall on them. • The sign of Jonah is also interpreted to be a reference to Jesus’ resurrection (just as Jonah was three day in the belly of the whale, so Jesus would be three days in the belly of the earth before rising again). • This is the only sign or proof of Jesus’ authority that would be given to that generation. Warning and foretelling of a resurrection

  17. In 16:5-12, Jesus warns the disciples to beware of the “yeast”, or the teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees. • What do the uses and properties of yeast add to your understanding of this severe warning? • Comments? • Thoughts? One more quick question?

  18. Yeast is a living organism that changes food into alcohol and carbon dioxide by fermentation. • It is what makes bread dough rise. • Just as a small amount of yeast will permeate the dough and work its affect on all of it, false teaching is deceptive. • It only takes a little bit to get in and permeate and stir the pot in everything. • Also, yeast changes the very nature of the loaf. You can’t get it out, once it is in there. • False teaching can have the same kind of permanent, life changing affect and is equally difficult to eliminate. One way to look at it

  19. In 16:5-12, Jesus is warning his disciples against the teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees. This comes immediately before his promise to confer on Peter the authority to bind and to loose on earth in vs. 19. • This is an authority that will be confirmed in heaven. • Such authority has to do with teaching in part The warning before a big event

  20. 16:7 – they concluded “Is Jesus warning us because we have no bread?” • Jesus responds and says they have little faith. • The disciples are men of little faith, because they have misunderstood Jesus’ metaphorical use of leaven, forgetting that, as the feeding of the crowds shows, he is not at a loss to provide them with bread. You of little faith

  21. These two groups differed on their points of teaching (Acts 23:6-11) • Sadducees • don’t believe in the resurrection, • they don’t believe in spirits, • and they don’t believe in angels. • The Pharisees believe in these teachings. Pharisees vs. Sadducees

  22. I. Jesus and His Followers (16:13–20) • A. The revelation (16:13–21) • 1. The probing by Christ (16:13–17) • a. The request (16:13) : He asks the disciples what people are saying about him. • b. The rumors (16:14) : Some believe he is John the Baptist, Elijah, Jeremiah, or one of the other prophets. • c. The recognition (16:15–17): He then asks the disciples what they think about him. • (1) What Peter says (16:15–16): He acknowledges the deity of Jesus Christ! • (2) Why Peter says it (16:17) : God the Father has revealed this to him! • 2. The promise by Christ (16:18–19) • a. The announcement (16:18) : He will soon build his church. • b. The authority (16:19) : He will entrust them with the keys to the Kingdom! • 3. The prohibition by Christ (16:20): They are not to tell anyone that he is the Messiah. Mat. 16:13-20 outline

  23. How does Peter’s understanding of who Jesus is compare with the way the religious leaders and other men see him? • Comments? • Thoughts? Peter and his understanding

  24. The religious leaders don’t believe Jesus and want proof of his identity. • The “men” according to the disciples wonder: • Is he John the Baptist? – Mat. 14 • Elijah? – Mal. 3:23-24; Sir. 48:10; Mat. 3:4 • Jeremiah? • Or one of the prophets? • In contrast to the rest, Peter proclaims “You are the Christ, the son of the Living God” – verse 16. An answer

  25. The contrast between Peter and the religious leaders is significant. • The Pharisee and Sadducees represent the teaching authority of the Old Covenant in the OT. But they do not recognize the Son of God, who is the fulfillment of that covenant. • This provides a good introduction to Peter’s confession of faith and Jesus founding his Church because basic to it is the question “How can we be sure something is True?” • And that is why Christ founded the Church – “the pillar and bulwark (foundation) of the truth.” – 1 Tim. 3:15 Still more on that answer

  26. This passage in Matthew 16:13-20 illustrates to us that the church is not a democracy, or based on opinions of its members, but rather it is founded on the person of Jesus Christ and His Truths. This passage gives us our first straw poll in Scriptures to see who Jesus is, and ¼ said he is John the Baptist, ¼ said he is Elijah, ¼ said he is Jeremiah, and ¼ said he is one of the prophets. Notice, none of them are right, and the Church is not founded on popular opinions of its members when it comes to faith and morals, it is founded on the person of Jesus; the way, the truth, and the life as professed by the Head of the church, St. Peter, it’s first pope. Not an opinion or a democracy

  27. Why is it so important to know who Jesus is? • This is essential to know who Jesus is, because it is central to his mission. • He is the one on whom we must believe to be saved. • Calling him by the wrong name will take us off track on our journey, and to be sidetracked on our journey is to miss entirely. Who is Jesus?

  28. To whom does Jesus attribute this knowledge of Peter’s? • Jesus attributes Peter’s knowledge not to a human being but to God. • Jesus refers to God as “my Father who is in heaven.” A revelation from heaven

  29. The gospels generally highlight Peter’s preeminence among the disciples in the gospels and is listed first among the apostles. • Matthew 10:2 • Luke 22:31-32 • John 1:42 Peter listed first among the disciples

  30. Listing Peter first, defines his role explicitly. • Jesus’ blessing on Peter draws from OT traditions about the Davidic covenant. • The key concepts and images (Christ/Son of God/ rock/build/gates of Hades/keys/kingdom) are all connected with Israel’s kingdom established under David and confirmed by Solomon and his construction of the Temple. • 2 Sam. 7:14-17 OT concepts come to life in this passage

  31. Although David’s empire crumbled in 586 BC, Jesus announces its restoration in the new covenant. (Mk 11:10, Lk. 1:32-33, Acts 15:15ff Christ is the long awaited Messiah, the son of David, who rebuilds and transforms the ancient kingdom in the church. Vatican I in 1870 – cited this passage as biblical support for the primacy of Peter and his successors as Pope. More on the OT covenant

  32. Uses this passage for five points to consider in our doctrine. • 1. The Magisterium built upon Peter is instituted by Jesus Christ • 2. Peter is given a unique role as chief teacher and ruler over the church – primacy of jurisdiction • 3. Peter is the visible head of the Church • 4. Peter’s authority is passed on through successors. • 5. Through Peter, Christ himself assures the infallible preservation of the gospel in the church. Vatican I on this passage

  33. Caesarea Philippi – the northern most point in Israel – Lebanon is due north

  34. In 16:13, Caesarea Philippi is a predominately Gentile city north of Palestine, and the northern most city in Israel about 25 miles north of the Sea of Galilee. It was originally known as Panion because of a shrine built there to the Greco-Roman god Pan. When Herod the Great’s son Philip became the tetrarch of that region in 4 BC, he rebuilt the city and renamed it in honor of Tiberius Caesar, adding his own name to distinguish it from the Judean coastal city of Caesarea. More on Caesarea Philippi

  35. After Simon acknowledged Jesus to be “the Christ, the Son of the living God,” Jesus gave him a new name – Peter meaning “rock”. Can you remember anyone else who was given a new name by God, and why? • Thoughts? • Comments? • Hint: Gen. 17:32 More questions?

  36. Only three people in the OT were given a name change: Abraham, Sarah, and Jacob in the Old Testament were given new names. These three people were called by God and given important roles in the foundation of his OT covenant family. Abraham and Sarah were given their names when God established the covenant of circumcision with them and made them “exalted father: and “mother of nations”, a couple from whom would descend a royal house that would bless the world. Name changes

  37. Abraham and Sarah’s grandson Jacob was given a new name and later became “Israel” • – he would be the father of 12 royal sons who would become the 12 tribes of Israel and eventually the kingdom of Israel, the kingdom God established through which to bless all the nations. • Now Peter is given a name that will mark him in a special way as God’s servant and that expresses the role he will play in that kingdom. More on name changes

  38. The word “rock” was not commonly used as a name in the OT times the way that “Peter” is used today. It was used to describe God, however, if we look at Is. 26:4 and 2 Sam. 22:32, on one occasion it was used to describe someone else. Who was it? Read Is. 51;1-2 Who was the OT rock?

  39. In Isaiah 51:1-2, we read, “listen to me, you who pursue justice, who seek the LORD; Look to the rock from which you were hewn, to the quarry from which you were taken. Look to Abraham, your father, and to Sarah, who gave you birth; Though he was but one when I called him, I blessed him and made him many.” In Isaiah, God designates Abraham as the “rock from which you were cut, the father of Israel. Abraham the rock

  40. Why is it significant that Jesus gives Simon the new name Peter? • Thoughts? • Comments? Another question for thought?

  41. 1. The fact that Peter is re-named at all is significant because just as God gave Abraham, Sarah, and Jacob names to signify their foundational roles in the OT and old covenant kingdom of Israel, he gives Simon Peter a name to signify his foundational role in the NT New Covenant kingdom, the church. answers

  42. 2. secondly, the name itself is significant. • He is to be the rock and more importantly the foundation stone of the new church – just as Abraham and Sarah are the founding “stones” of the old kingdom. • Abraham’s faith forms the bedrock of the old; Peter’s faith and the truth that God reveals to him forms that of the new. • In no way does calling Simon Peter “rock” diminish the status of God as the Rock of Israel. Another answer

  43. In the OT world, to name something implied that you had ownership or dominion over it. • God is doing the name here, and therefore he has dominion, power, and authority over Peter. • Peter is the one he has named “rock” on earth. In the ancient world

  44. What does Jesus promise Peter in vs. 18, and what does this promise mean for the Church? • Thoughts? • Comments? What is promised?

  45. Catechism 552 helps to formulate this answer. Jesus said he would build his church on Peter and promised that the powers of death will not prevail against it. Peter and his successors will be the “unshakeable rock of the church”, victorious even over the powers of death. God established the church and he promised to uphold it. This explains why the church has been able to withstand centuries of attack from without and even corruption from within. The church will always provide a sure foundation for God’s family on earth until Jesus returns. An answer

  46. Now read Isaiah 22:15-25 and Revelation 3:7. what insight doe these passages give you as to the meaning of the keys? • Thoughts? • Comments? • Catechism 553 will help formulate an answer as well. One last question?

  47. The “key of the house of David” represents the authority of the steward who is placed by the king over the household or kingdom. This is a permanent position. Appointed by God, this man is responsible for the entire household, “the whole weight of his father’s house,” as Isaiah says. Some answers

  48. The keys are a symbol of his power to open the gates of heaven to men; • “to absolve sins, • to pronounce doctrinal judgments, • and to make disciplinary decisions in the church More from outside passages

  49. The house of David in these passages is the earthly kingdom, • David’s royal line that led to Jesus. • He will sit on the throne of David in heaven and rule forever. • As King, he owns the keys to the kingdom and hold them in heaven. • Now this kingdom has an outpost on earth: the church. The house of David

  50. Before Jesus left earth for heaven, he entrusted someone with the power of the keys on earth: He left a prime minister in charge of operations. That prime minister is Peter, chief of the apostles. But the keys existed before Peter, and they continued to exist after his martyrdom. The keys denote office, not person, and they have been handed down to Peter’s successors for nearly 2,000 years, and today they are in the hands of Pope Francis. Just a bit more on the keys

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