1. Health promotion and its national context Aim: To explain the meaning, process and reasons for health promotion, risk management and health planning

2. World Health Organization (1946) • Health is a state of complete mental and social well-being, not merely absence of disease or infirmity • Holistic approach is wider than a medical model • Focuses on protection of health and prevention of illness in populations • Recognizes social and environmental influences on health

3. US Research suggests • 50% of premature mortality due to unhealthy lifestyle and behaviour • 20% due to human biology • 20% due to physical environment • 10% due to inadequate health care Is this true in your country? Do you think what you think because you’re rich?

4. Australian health • Comparatively good in international terms, except for indigenous people • Strong relationship between socio-economic status and health internationally and within countries • Smoking, alcohol and poor diet major causes of poor health in Australia • Injuries and mental health also major problems

5. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) • Population health should be guided by a focus on prevention, an understanding of the causes and determinants of illness, evidence based practice, and community participation in decisions which affect health (1995)

6. Health Promotion • Focuses on protection of health rather than treatment of individual illness • Greatest contributions to extending life in 20th century came from public management and engineering (sewerage, drainage, rubbish removal etc.) and immunization

7. Risk management(required in OHS acts) • A logical and systematic method of identifying, analyzing, assessing, treating, monitoring and communicating risks associated with any activity in a way that will enable organizations to minimize losses and maximize opportunities

8. Risk management • Consultatively establish context • Identify risks • Analyze and prioritize risks (severity and frequency) • Control risks • Evaluate outcome • (Consistent with quality management)

9. Health planning • Goal setting • Plan formulation • Plan implementation • Monitoring and feedback

10. Action Research • Educative • Problem focused and future oriented • Change oriented intervention which aims at improvement,and stakeholder participation

11. WHO Ottawa Charter (1986) The supports for health include peace, shelter, food, income, a stable economic system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity

12. UN Declaration on Environment (1992) • Committed signatories to ecologically sustainable development goals • First principle is that health is at the centre of human development and people are entitled to a health and productive life in harmony with nature

13. Australian national health goals • Cardiovascular disease • Cancers • Injuries (work, road, suicide) • Mental health • Diabetes • Aboriginal health

14. Principle national goals • Australians should have access to a comprehensive range of services regardless of financial status, race, culture • Services should be of consistently high quality across Australia • Foster community and individual participation in decision making at all levels

15. NSW Government Vision • A philosophy of continuous improvement will be adopted in all areas of govt. responsibility • This is hindered by a lack of comparable, publicly available data about service delivery and outcomes

16. Management goals • Private sector: make profit and provide returns to shareholders • Govt. sector: Regulate (make and administer law) in the community interest and provide essential services • Separate policy and administration • Govt. should ‘steer’ not ‘row’

17. Council of Australian Governments (COAG) • 1990 – National standards for health and environment and related occupations • Mutual recognition legislation • The Australian nation principle • The subsidiarity principle • The structural efficiency principle • The accountability principle

18. National Competition Policy (1995) • Competition on a level playing field, unless another course of action can be shown to be in the public interest • Review of all Australian law to implement competition policy (Followed state reviews to update legislation and make requirements plain)

19. Health promotion requires coordinated approach • Tobacco fought with: • Taxation policies • Regulation of tobacco products • Promotion of smoke-free areas • Public education campaigns • Community development and partnership building

20. Prevention program • Establish planning group • Assess needs of the population • Identify program goals or targets • Set program objectives • Develop strategies and action plan • Evaluate outcomes (performance indicators) • Need for program budgeting